{"entities":{"Q6171998":{"pageid":13306886,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q6171998","lastrevid":58729512,"modified":"2026-04-06T12:17:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q6171998","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Level set mean curvature flow with Neumann boundary conditions"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7713988"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$51F6E9F6-1A36-43A2-B58E-AA8DD3CE1EBB","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a1ff73465cfae0af567434fed790fc739be576ea","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Level set mean curvature flow with Neumann boundary conditions","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$5B8092A0-9646-4D2C-BB08-286316766082","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0a29398f3388311e27bbdb960e385887f50912a0","datavalue":{"value":"1526.53085","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$DE5035D6-926A-439D-9871-1C3E2BCF64BB","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9beb8c3cae4d6a4f8f1c69a62b4f275be7f71386","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6171997,"id":"Q6171997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$EDC520BF-0CF2-4932-A492-6EEB1CA25A35","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8906603afbe7d7f343c7af08e15171ad84bcd46b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189797,"id":"Q189797"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$936ACBFD-BCBC-4304-970A-63D6C35E1BC9","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"91eb26ea12630bb083246dc3acb11b758e05ca65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$E71979EA-3619-4317-8168-2A330D3059CD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"cd6c6888d74a06e81aad457fc23dea60d7297180","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.16386","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$1109BA2C-5135-43F0-B046-E456DC4F30DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"31e797f96bf2fbc6ed68b7ed05b834f052c5ddf4","datavalue":{"value":"https://projecteuclid.org/journals/hokkaido-mathematical-journal/volume-52/issue-1/Level-set-mean-curvature-flow-with-Neumann-boundary-conditions/10.14492/hokmj/2020-426.full","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$7A4B9C93-1F8B-4BAC-ABC7-9BD2FD3B840B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e2f84925abd6ba4fbe29dbaa9d2aec39478e8335","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\Omega\\) be a bounded domain in \\(\\mathbb{R}^N\\) with smooth boundary. The author considers a family of hypersurfaces \\(\\{\\Gamma_t\\}_{t\\ge 0}\\) in \\(\\overline\\Omega\\) evolving under the mean curvature flow with Neumann boundary conditions,  \\[ V=-H \\mbox{ on } \\Gamma_t, \\qquad \\Gamma_t \\perp \\partial\\Omega \\tag{1} \\] where \\(V\\) is the normal velocity of \\(\\Gamma_t\\) and \\(H\\) is the mean curvature of \\(\\Gamma_t\\). This problem has been studied in the absence of the boundary condition (i.e., \\(\\Omega=\\mathbb{R}^N\\)) using several different formulations. There is the level set approach of \\textit{Y.-G. Chen} et al. [J. Differ. Geom. 33, No. 3, 749--786 (1991; Zbl 0696.35087)] and \\textit{L. C. Evans} and \\textit{J. Spruck} [J. Differ. Geom. 33, No. 3, 635--681 (1991; Zbl 0726.53029)] in which the hypersurfaces \\(\\Gamma_t\\) are the level sets of a function \\(u\\) solving the PDE  \\[ \\partial_tu=|\\nabla u| \\mathrm{div} \\left( \\frac{\\nabla u}{|\\nabla u|} \\right)  \\] in the viscosity sense. There is also \\textit{K. Brakke}'s formulation using the theory of varifolds [The motion of a surface by its mean curvature. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press (1978; Zbl. 0386.53047)].  There are several existence and uniqueness results for (1), including those of \\textit{M.-H. Sato} [Adv. Math. Sci. Appl. 4, No. 1, 249--264 (1994; Zbl 0811.35069)] for the level set formulation, and \\textit{N. Edelen} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 758, 95--137 (2020; Zbl 1433.53124)] and \\textit{M. Mizuno} and \\textit{Y. Tonegawa} [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 47, No. 3, 1906--1932 (2015; Zbl 1330.35196)] for the Brakke formulation.  \\textit{L. C. Evans} and \\textit{J. Spruck} [J. Geom. Anal. 5, No. 1, 79--116 (1995; Zbl 0829.53040)] showed that in the no boundary case, almost all level sets of the unique viscosity solution are unit density varifolds moving by mean curvature flow in Brakke's sense. Here the author proves an analogue of this result for (1), for appropriately chosen initial data. The main new point is the characterisation of the boundary condition that the Brakke flow satisfies: the first variation of the Brakke flow is bounded on \\(\\partial\\Omega\\) and perpendicular to \\(\\partial\\Omega\\) almost everywhere. Moreover, the class of admissible test functions is strictly larger than in previous work in that they are not required to satisfy \\(\\nabla\\phi \\cdot \\nu_{\\partial\\Omega}=0\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$734818E6-2A01-4B3E-ABFC-EE89A64244DB","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"190b08fe33db2eb82a271be6e4599ded9fd3a3fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":582456,"id":"Q582456"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$9821DC38-8937-45DC-A047-F5FB52131BD1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2f817c61b0a4749744876a01b102a1fa8fdd11f4","datavalue":{"value":"53E10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$DC2478A3-6187-424D-9FEB-64CB002C1350","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1b93fab5fb214f57435cb1cb2acedffdb2e1b095","datavalue":{"value":"49Q20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$1F629E3E-EA38-47E7-8888-AFDB99ED7F48","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"677eff73f7c23ebf982738f54de7ad943bcbacef","datavalue":{"value":"7713988","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$5752ED2D-8843-4FFA-8332-2E4BEA22A0FA","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"74ffbbc70e5125beb2891a942a9dd4ec3c488fb0","datavalue":{"value":"mean curvature flow","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$398873CB-4FC1-417F-8BC8-CDDEC67CA53C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"25232e4463a9d0da4c43831e01066ce3373b8d41","datavalue":{"value":"Neumann boundary conditions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$20AAB6B2-56F9-48AE-B919-B0A066C64601","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"43a5f18989b696de8078d5917aaace8bf968810f","datavalue":{"value":"level set method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$CD99FE27-D471-46CF-B7B7-AA6F402D4FD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1764539d96e44e58391c3423088310cd716bd5c9","datavalue":{"value":"Brakke flow","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$0DD7EA89-DF3E-4145-95A7-7C51969BBCF7","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$65746EAF-E637-43B4-AB66-B532EA5DE053","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"49ec5a7ac429df9fe1ea2133df522c749e47d795","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4167269,"id":"Q4167269"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$554564DF-1377-4174-8DF1-EA816AA91F1E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2ed720ba5854ea4f286798f041d774cd0fb26a92","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5899739,"id":"Q5899739"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$9B39B4D0-0EDD-415F-A4D0-944737556426","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"551022a050a5e484e6df7f92d96709cb9b7cca0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2282299,"id":"Q2282299"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$77BFDCD7-A5B9-43EA-A232-D6EA8B740CA1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1b68279c23dccb28a235fe4fc111988bd3aa9b7f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":803959,"id":"Q803959"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$5F0AD4F5-2A22-40F0-BE65-289DA88D7DA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"53601645b8b02845d535b7c95884fdf02fc9fdf2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3377358,"id":"Q3377358"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$6D57202F-9158-453B-97D9-4767816FE70F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d8a010326afb1a8323e7564283540f421b0be0a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1288865,"id":"Q1288865"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$7C9D4D8C-7C95-4239-B8F5-10C868D132AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b1c207fd9497733b203f1fb18d526b75da9878b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1308529,"id":"Q1308529"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$6743F145-285A-473B-BAD6-8A81360FCFF2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25a498e4496cf094f1158af0552463740d9d10bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1262429,"id":"Q1262429"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$F4C6117C-C5FA-40DC-8207-A45229319947","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d4fbdeb75b145e25b891d17242e97687116ed35b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2419964,"id":"Q2419964"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$09DCC488-7634-4376-9700-AF00C1787B7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7a9d6ea75d15699ee4d4d059671e4ed03071d1f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2248839,"id":"Q2248839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$43049624-C4F5-4555-8E64-CA3B9E40ED1D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7ddb48497665730aa87897d023467c99d63e5742","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4354424,"id":"Q4354424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$872052AE-8B7C-4BC4-8220-0EA3DDA050CC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cd249d24ef0a48f0ba086e287e0add4bb6c8ad3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5254871,"id":"Q5254871"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$F2B8332D-8863-404E-AB96-3A0C9DE574FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"71eacd2c570f3750ff6611626814cb05f9d0de03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4321153,"id":"Q4321153"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$4239CAC1-0048-4E16-AB48-8D06CAB55BAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8f26135fd2891da8642249cef1a973d1e7225404","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1917678,"id":"Q1917678"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$B125A9D6-1730-49F8-A820-3B19C756795B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b0dff4f67395149177f76b8913bc51503aadc75","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5395972,"id":"Q5395972"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$63E2F271-4BC6-44D7-8CBB-F33577613F61","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6083d079eef7666e263334b9acb443a509224e92","datavalue":{"value":"10.14492/HOKMJ/2020-426","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6171998$8B1011F0-443F-4D68-AC26-8057E528150A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bbba7c370325e41c664166b6000350de43ed5ec2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2107148,"id":"Q2107148"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5bb45e38e385df88565c3de546943924ebad788c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8237071633338928","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6171998$2217A9BD-487F-42C3-92AD-41F594476DCB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a9149e3114ab25fa381b0cf9ef23dde239b3e6b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2662470,"id":"Q2662470"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"97dd05e9412a1722ea9cae197d37d6d46df1c126","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8015652298927307","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6171998$1FBBFEA8-1698-4062-9DE6-7D44FB5AD19E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"df1c20fbcedd52f2bfd7d8f0c15dc6e4388df108","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1566856,"id":"Q1566856"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2201112854129e25a611d0d539c14e87bd48a64d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.800723135471344","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6171998$65E2C77C-9C9E-4967-A33F-6AE57F2865C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"77f84d17590e01618fd0a97a20c6f316a682fba1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1346081,"id":"Q1346081"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"190f6c4f6257f169d4f031efb5e3e4c698e2cfe5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7953830361366272","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q6171998$E03B5662-3FF5-43D3-9E0F-75895AA48A82","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:6171998","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:6171998"}}}}}