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Given an immersion \\(\\iota: M\\to\\mathbb{R}^3\\) of a closed surface \\(M\\), the composition \\(h=Z\\circ\\iota\\) is called a height function of the immersion \\(\\iota: M\\to\\mathbb{R}^3\\). Let \\(h\\) be a height function on a closed surface \\(M\\) and let \\(v_1<\\dots<v_l\\) be the critical points of \\(h\\). For \\(1\\leq j\\leq l\\), the number of critical points of \\(h\\) that belong to \\(h^{-1}(v_j)\\) is denoted by \\(n_j\\). The sequence \\((n_1,\\dots,n_l)\\) is called the critical point number sequence of the height function \\(h\\).  \\textit{T. Banchoff} and \\textit{F. Takens} [Ill. J. Math. 19, 325--335 (1975; Zbl 0311.57022)] showed that there are immersions \\(\\iota: M\\to\\mathbb{R}^3\\) of a closed surface \\(M\\) such that the respective height function has the critical point number sequence \\((1,1,1)\\) if and only if \\(M\\) is non-orientable or is orientable of genus \\(1\\) or \\(0\\).  In this paper, the authors completely characterize sequences of positive integers \\((n_1,n_2,n_3)\\) that can be realized as the critical point number sequences of a height function \\(h\\) associated to some immersion of a closed surface \\(M\\) into \\(\\mathbb R^3\\). 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