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The starting point is Hermite's result which states that for any \\(n\\times m\\) integer matrix \\(A\\) there exists an \\(n\\times n\\) unimodular matrix \\(U\\) and a unique \\(n\\times n\\) integer matrix \\(H\\) in HNF such that \\(A=UH\\); \\(H\\) is called the HNF of \\(A\\) and it has \\(r\\leq n\\) non-zero rows, for each row \\(i\\leq r\\) the first non-zero entry \\(h_{ij_i}\\) is strictly positive, \\(j_1<j_2<\\cdots<j_r\\) and for each \\(1\\leq k\\leq i\\leq r\\) the entries \\(h_{kj_i}\\) of \\(H\\) satisfy \\(0\\leq h_{kj_i}<h_{ij_i}\\). An algorithm is proposed which compute the HNF of a matrix \\(A\\).  The paper presents the concept of natural density in \\({\\mathbb Z}^k\\) which is used to obtain the main result of the paper (Proposition 6) which provides the frequency of appearance of a given non-zero diagonal in the HNF of a random looking matrix and shows that the density of these HNFs is 0. A corollary proves that given \\(d_1,d_2,\\dots,d_{n-1}\\in{\\mathbb N}^*\\), the natural density of \\(n\\times n\\) matrices whose HNF has the diagonal \\((d_1,d_2,\\dots,d_{n-1},\\det A/\\prod_{i=1}^{n-1}d_i)\\) is  \\[ (\\zeta(n)\\zeta(n-1)\\cdots\\zeta(2)d_1^nd_2^{n-1}\\cdots d_{n-1}^2)^{-1}, \\]  where \\(\\zeta\\) is the usual zeta function.  Two applications are presented, concerning the selection of random lattices that arise in cryptology, respectively the distribution of gcd\\((\\det[A|x],\\det[A|y])\\), where \\(A\\) is a random looking \\(n\\times(n-1)\\) integer matrix and \\(x,y\\) are two 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