{"entities":{"Q649022":{"pageid":650871,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q649022","lastrevid":77899358,"modified":"2026-05-06T10:19:14Z","type":"item","id":"Q649022","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"\\(\\Delta\\)-groupoids in knot theory"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5982569"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$31D2179D-C9F6-4555-A6DA-AC0C82BDD5DB","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7781193c2523161b803113f47f3255a0da0a4807","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"\\(\\Delta\\)-groupoids in knot theory","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$2B8279DE-12B4-40E2-9D19-54EEF8C1FA96","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"aa862110dd78af707a1ac96447686c0cce3ef165","datavalue":{"value":"1245.57015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$1CD54943-96E7-4339-81D1-145BB4123B6B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7b27d55f344dc6bfd48e3ff9582c04d67175a8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181320,"id":"Q181320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$18086067-A6DD-4607-9298-45099853CBB1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1819a172538b9934d4c5de27188f75c7b63afe97","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2011-11-30T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$DD73DCCB-CF06-4B90-8328-5EF9F7956D6D","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"94c2883d689b569064a9fe185176c7215192389d","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0908.1261","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$CB591B93-7E39-4CD9-8088-798F6387D3F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9c0132988d5a8b8618b82a50a146ad3dc6f2639a","datavalue":{"value":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:115064","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$7222D41E-FAE1-4635-882F-2224A0D2143E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f1438c17d7b95d6ecfabee7bdaa4e68f6b2c2f85","datavalue":{"value":"The author defines the notion of a \\(\\Delta\\)-groupoid which is as follows: let \\(G\\) be a groupoid and \\(H\\subset G\\) be a subset, a pair \\((x,y)\\in H^2\\) is said to be \\(H\\)-composable if it is composable in \\(G\\) and \\(xy\\in H\\). A \\(\\Delta\\)-groupoid is a groupoid \\(G\\), a generating subset \\(H\\subset G\\), and an involution \\(j:H\\to H\\), such that {\\parindent 8mm\\begin{itemize}\\item[(i)] \\(i(H)=H\\), where \\(i(x)=x^{-1}\\); \\item[(ii)] the involutions \\(i\\) and \\(j\\) generate an action of the symmetric group \\(S_3\\) on \\(H\\); \\item[(iii)] if \\((x,y)\\in H^2\\) is a composable pair, then \\((k(x),j(x))\\) is also a composable pair, where \\(k=iji\\); \\item[(iv)] if \\((x,y)\\in H^2\\) is \\(H\\)-composable then \\((k(x),j(x))\\) is also \\(H\\) composable, and the following identity holds: \\(k(xy)ik(y)=k(k(x)j(y))\\).  \\end{itemize}} The author provides examples of different sources: ring theory, representation theory and combinatorics of ideal triangulations of 3-manifolds. For example, the author shows how one can construct a \\(\\Delta\\)-groupoid out of a pair \\((G,H)\\) where \\(G\\) is a group and \\(H\\subset G\\) is a malnormal subgroup. It is also shown how one can get a couple of \\(\\Delta\\)-grupoids functorially out of a ring and shows that these functors admit left adjoints. The author also provides relationships of \\(\\Delta\\)-groupoids with representation theory, three manifold theory and defines a type of homology of a \\(\\Delta\\)-groupoid.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$024E8A30-8342-41A6-BF74-0169F0CC1BE2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ba55da4db269ddf3a2ff179d128dbd1abddc34e7","datavalue":{"value":"57M27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$68267BE8-6A36-4FBA-8BD6-F0BBBF18EF1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"36d4ee2aca74c4c0df9926d6f3cf4629e4beb1fa","datavalue":{"value":"20L05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$415AE4A3-C0F2-406E-915B-8F54830690DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9869d6727426fa925115c8692e8e1b59eda63fae","datavalue":{"value":"16S10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$11A27CFF-D0A0-464A-9C3B-D8FE682E5C23","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a99724e387c6c7e0ee19e61ae0a1937eee44c266","datavalue":{"value":"5982569","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$EB939DD4-B173-43FF-83CE-7F2B48965756","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ba5995e018a24e69f6e12809f6df5dcb39f0eca2","datavalue":{"value":"groupoids","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$B6EEC4F0-FE9E-4B62-A1F5-A6C7C0EBE8BB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d0baacc73395c818e15aa4c25d8cd0b4e634bf85","datavalue":{"value":"knot theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$4F85C784-20B7-46EF-946D-B5D87167067C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"602f84174811d5e8b9c4d524d242a494a9644445","datavalue":{"value":"rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$1E1CB40D-6A5D-4B39-A9B9-40901C6F02F2","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"18f2aeda34eaff1d801195184ea89209bd8ad9e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":431388,"id":"Q431388"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$87F984D7-31A1-4E83-A2C3-1479BEDE62EB","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"28a2fc1650d120faefb2584b76090d0e0589bd07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":203366,"id":"Q203366"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$6636EA5B-C34C-4406-8BF8-C3511D06EC93","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$770BF766-EB6E-4D0F-B812-DFE7846380E8","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"75cafae88e8cdd423b444f51d18774d91791d0b1","datavalue":{"value":"W2109353960","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$253D6D13-56F1-42FD-8AFE-B13911835FFF","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"26ef1a2dce36d44676f5ce5533ebf233ce9847a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3752573,"id":"Q3752573"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$BBEE2126-745D-4689-A293-15826A8A4359","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b8063aab2456cd79fb9f58b583c44a7949600de2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4819371,"id":"Q4819371"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$383C3FA6-BA35-42CF-B09D-80AEE4F1357D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9a677ab651590be742b92cac1e4231e0b41f4a2f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5442348,"id":"Q5442348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$12C22BCF-E78C-435C-939E-5C2181E91AB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"534480bfab7acfeee5d80ae4528655224ebda578","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5639839,"id":"Q5639839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$94135DFE-03A7-4062-9113-5D1DA48BFF51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6fee3b507a39bdcb9c47e98f9d4d745d353e7748","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4107635,"id":"Q4107635"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$188FA507-94D8-4F84-A24F-D0BD4180BCEC","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"27e530a145ab2a3acba8c20d28862c8ed8b8c2e9","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10711-010-9496-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q649022$4FB1971C-60A0-4FD0-A6F9-DA3AAAFDAD35","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"efacdec9cd24feee74027b30769a63a71b3efcb3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3628168,"id":"Q3628168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"486fb02df1aa37343ec70eba07463cd141c9adf8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90807253","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$E5BA6563-A9C5-49BD-8EC5-F400CFFB041A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8475d2d19d3ba3472bff7f938cec3c63c3a6d06f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5401746,"id":"Q5401746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a9e918ff45e715c780da93f3870b7def9790cffe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9015974","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$B32E9068-03BF-480B-8F1F-9FA23076CA5E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a28f8723f52f41fd2d006782464c0f25c81b0403","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3108674,"id":"Q3108674"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"02e0d748c73b05715bb7f2a23a7c76e21f537f54","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8982737","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$0431B39E-49ED-4F94-B606-CF884482C30B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"254aa91e0666af43943b7566e913585838a2bd6a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3699312,"id":"Q3699312"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ea1ecf92e7dabb68f6e857c502c78c504bc622d7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8938323","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$3AE04FFF-DC1B-4349-BD85-98AF079A1793","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec3149f6fa3435c81c491fe6cc12e5f1d47bf327","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2934815,"id":"Q2934815"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4ebb523ec359dfac34cbc6137cbee178d4d34ddb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8916446","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$7B44E048-A1A2-4604-A9F1-8593EF7C0C04","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1c51b26c953ed00d422fc075e40692161e57df97","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2317359,"id":"Q2317359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1a35a9f1a7aedf31902043b2b645571bc695dfff","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88950676","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$DC17A6C8-B452-41DF-985C-AC3AB57B5D63","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8ddb4ef92f5251ef19c59fe21aecc5602005e53a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5386928,"id":"Q5386928"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4e52c8097e64189a0fe329665280bc6e3f94b6fb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8883997","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$2B153430-E1E8-4A7C-B108-B4EAF69F46D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7a66814ca80687731edb12e5f376b3ab4cdf8ad3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5751604,"id":"Q5751604"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bb2a1eb45671b7350f888a9d83c622aa06f21065","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88544494","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$28E08902-66E7-4FD9-AA45-FC78CC08A7DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8bd8c90f8363987a997ef0cfb9e4ad1f6d7cb174","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5233816,"id":"Q5233816"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"47e4c026ad24582e8eb879ee154418300959af6b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88486725","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$EC2F0F11-771A-41C7-AF70-585087B4917A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ba57cfcf65eaddd9e4a9ec96f2417c8458314ac8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3519654,"id":"Q3519654"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"23eacb9a34136029600ca694f8c14cdf128630b4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8843775","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q649022$FC3F9A61-679C-4FEA-8D66-85F2751BFBC0","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"\\(\\Delta\\)-groupoids in knot theory","badges":[]}}}}}