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The Fernando-Kac subalgebra \\({\\mathfrak g}[M]\\) associated to \\(M\\) consists of elements of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) that act locally finitely on \\(M\\). This fact was proved independently by \\textit{S. L. Fernando} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 322, No. 2, 757--781 (1990; Zbl 0712.17005)] and \\textit{V. G. Kac} [Infinite dimensional groups with applications, Publ., Math. Sci. Res. Inst. 4, 167--216 (1985; Zbl 0614.22006)]. A subalgebra \\({\\mathfrak l}\\) of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) is called a Fernando-Kac subalgebra if there exists an irreducible \\({\\mathfrak g}\\)-module \\(M\\) such that \\({\\mathfrak l}={\\mathfrak g}[M]\\). Furthermore, \\({\\mathfrak l}\\) is of finite type if the multiplicity of each irreducible \\({\\mathfrak l}\\)-module in any finite-dimensional \\({\\mathfrak l}\\)-submodule of \\(M\\) is bounded. A subalgebra containing a Cartan subalgebra of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) is called a root subalgebra of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\). It was proved by \\textit{I. Penkov} and \\textit{V. Serganova} [Mosc. Math. J. 2, No. 4, 753--767 (2002); erratum ibid. 9, No. 4, 931 (2009; Zbl 1036.17005)] that any root subalgebra of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) is a Fernando-Kac subalgebra. They also gave the necessary and sufficient conditions on \\({\\mathfrak l}\\) to be of finite type.   \\textit{I. Penkov}, \\textit{V. Serganova} and \\textit{G. Zuckerman} [Duke Math. J. 125, No. 2, 329--349 (2004; Zbl 1097.17007)] proved that for a root subalgebra \\({\\mathfrak l}\\) of \\({\\mathfrak s}{\\mathfrak l}_n\\) satisfying the cone and the centralizer conditions there exists an irreducible \\({\\mathfrak s}{\\mathfrak l}_n\\) module of finite type over \\({\\mathfrak l}\\) such that \\({\\mathfrak l}={\\mathfrak g}[M]\\). Later, Penkov conjectured that this holds for all other finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebras. The present paper proves this for all but type \\(E_8\\) Lie algebras, and describes all root Fernando-Kac subalgebras of finite type for simple Lie algebras not of type \\(E_8\\) in terms of their root 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