{"entities":{"Q661861":{"pageid":663710,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q661861","lastrevid":63404400,"modified":"2026-04-11T12:41:43Z","type":"item","id":"Q661861","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Class-preserving automorphisms and inner automorphisms of certain tree products of groups."}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6005432"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$BE723EDF-91C6-4C7E-8A73-8218D29A1073","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f473c58aabd8a14bfac7ca74ee959d254f6f3c92","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Class-preserving automorphisms and inner automorphisms of certain tree products of groups.","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$7AD7313F-BACB-4C0E-821D-497C671FA769","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ee785f4e00a9d975b9e81d03d381655ed3fa4511","datavalue":{"value":"1243.20040","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$F38B8171-931E-4E79-83D3-6ACBCE27DF5A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"06b7463e70461c7287d7747c519b3e55479cd256","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":273819,"id":"Q273819"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$74D7C71F-9551-4B57-A8E0-E96C67F0BF8D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ee50f5ec5b102654a4eb06a5493348d7b09f5c6a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":233937,"id":"Q233937"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$2518248D-664F-4E0F-A795-D5BF96DCC754","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"93541bb195a0809b1f249396bcebe99d047e6b6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161561,"id":"Q161561"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$B61A7C0E-046E-4CF5-B94F-ED629D54BFA9","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"44ca87796e4c16050b910332ff48eb651dab4225","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-02-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$6D79B797-B20A-41AE-A6A6-4BB833471C5F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"f59f1bc2a815a4edde256470c8c04ee1066a163b","datavalue":{"value":"An automorphism \\(\\alpha\\) of a group \\(G\\) is called class-preserving if, for each \\(g\\in G\\), \\(\\alpha(g)\\) and \\(g\\) are conjugate in \\(G\\). A group is said to have Property~A if all its class-preserving automorphisms are inner.   Non-trivial free products are known to have Property~A; however, examples here show that there are generalized free products of finite (or infinite) nilpotent groups that do not have Property~A. The paper's first main theorem provides a criterion under which a generalized free product has Property~A. This is used to give a short proof of the known result that tree products of groups, amalgamating central subgroups, have Property~A. It is also used to show that tree products of finitely generated nilpotent or free groups, amalgamating infinite cyclic subgroups, have Property~A; it follows that their outer automorphism groups are residually finite.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$2D59DB1F-E2C3-4343-AD73-B24639428A1C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"afe0dc0c0736bb69fa09cc63d89cf0239c70ef90","datavalue":{"value":"20E26","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$E960B734-5E1C-4770-9173-33AC63284F9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"fcae15942a1ef1170b65682251799a9bfed1dcd3","datavalue":{"value":"20E06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$0495FA2C-8574-4839-A1CC-36893CF82FAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9f4783aefc0465a962c2651b89c22d3aa35c14ce","datavalue":{"value":"20E36","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$B3B447DA-52BA-4127-9887-858D41A45ED9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"02e66589753ec184c7d05c645efc14f6302392b5","datavalue":{"value":"20F28","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$DBFB16EB-6111-4D94-80AE-651EFBEBFF1B","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3117f236dacc9bdfd6c3d31a1d37cefadc48b74d","datavalue":{"value":"6005432","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$FAC507CC-32A2-42A3-A812-AAFAAF0E7422","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"071bd31515ad713c34b2b6ebd0c6b1928fe0a11c","datavalue":{"value":"class-preserving automorphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$92441FE6-1804-49B8-9EA2-A6D9C3E00047","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"666a0b20d3c8e24f04abd577e305a78fb6f5cf4d","datavalue":{"value":"generalized free products","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$3F097FC2-97D0-49A4-91F7-946A2BD56D9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"49002159a969764d6f4fbffb1c802c1c230efe5e","datavalue":{"value":"tree products","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$3DA8E526-BCF4-4563-9B18-1D998B45D00D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4cb612363bd184a25df864c596b2b166558842a6","datavalue":{"value":"nilpotent groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$9272A3F1-EC25-42BC-8940-B5DDE5E9297D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fbee85e76b56d033ee6c23851c7ccc016b8f0599","datavalue":{"value":"residually finite groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$335A9B69-E891-4666-B819-D727FC991ECC","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f2ffab9587a4e6876d3bbdb56c67d1ab8a89cefb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1861490,"id":"Q1861490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$AAE24A02-119E-4DFB-976D-2BE11F9D437B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$D95D6846-5C1A-45CC-960D-2F39B2FE323C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4e05a29a38611b6dfe5038a5376060a302d43938","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2011.05.036","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$5F3A2E5E-6402-4578-A4EF-DBF17D5056CF","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"ca80573bd846068c14d6efb1963d088b193fb938","datavalue":{"value":"W2028420786","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$A38CD83C-EB52-4997-8450-62CD39403F49","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"18dc1aabc5e663d63a2f0c1f1654e8a594407203","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4680581,"id":"Q4680581"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$213B3D60-16E9-4E16-81FA-AECE6E7C3BF7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0d45b691b3b4c752ac3517e547e1c0a2c5cf8b91","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":731898,"id":"Q731898"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$F0F894C3-5DB3-4B75-8A80-18EC9F47DB0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7f3a710aeca8926cbeef3bca552bb03af50d0c77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4807789,"id":"Q4807789"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$419A1FE7-B268-4493-A124-84733242B35F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e04f74467b8905441bfda1122bbfc724e17891aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4043239,"id":"Q4043239"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$6B696DD6-C7A3-4106-AB85-9F7BE0DF3637","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3b2fa24685aa3617f474ecd48c8e559010b97fe3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1092163,"id":"Q1092163"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$D6F5B573-71FF-4277-9BCF-21E43F032435","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d729c6e4b80f8a4040cf566e3955e60c4d7d75f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1614655,"id":"Q1614655"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$BCCBFA59-CB5A-4DFF-B66B-4EA2DDDCBBFE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"823e2328202f2501bb4c0a3bf0d9b4af246ee89b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5513066,"id":"Q5513066"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$FE04E4FB-7B9F-426F-967D-078D49F514EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"72b2e1e52ba2869f048b6adabc70d62e0216cf1b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2494100,"id":"Q2494100"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$77E7F6CE-46C3-4E34-A1CD-673DF69D6559","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"992082ed78db19c4ad31e80c763d640f31f54a0c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2709316,"id":"Q2709316"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$C09772A1-39C6-46A3-AEA6-27D978C07D9A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"97d7ed8208a81c228d1501f9af191a9f85ef21f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4716638,"id":"Q4716638"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$445B451D-4FAA-4CA7-855B-4D8F449A1E7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e769749e003e32e7a325995548af8031977723db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3481945,"id":"Q3481945"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$FF33BF94-4666-45D1-B290-04692B5A370F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c415822c5dbd0e9c007f9d629d9f105bf24113d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5785768,"id":"Q5785768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$CA2D4A2C-6D00-49A6-975C-51463624C247","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"65fd9f0bb55e3842707c124a85495536ffd11d9b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5292703,"id":"Q5292703"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$61BFA20D-CF98-4298-94FD-7758B523712A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0863580340f7dca37df85c1e60eff5f3ebc73eb1","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2011.05.036","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q661861$8087FD17-529E-45D2-A226-F4AB6A0A3C35","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"64cdeb043f6fb989b5c9487a0a348d4c8d5b0157","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3166795,"id":"Q3166795"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ac17a77922559182d2ba4ac2a8ad053ff4847198","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.85495525598526","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q661861$F1835577-BF4F-4F0C-A77A-DF40E49EFC3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8e812844a09a66462ebb47d30ffc80890fabf923","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5292703,"id":"Q5292703"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5ea0a0ed2fbdd7a6a18358b1feb55f2bcd784f2c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7961012721061707","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q661861$348A2629-D851-4572-9097-558F34466E40","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a728359596556f8d27d0f2ba7560156b81732f23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2344837,"id":"Q2344837"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7601093572dcd2573356e75a7819b611c6cf956c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7932518124580383","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q661861$2C6CF99D-3D0E-40EC-86CF-88E5ED4D9938","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e381f5c9e371143fded11593ef69ad7f34e9b865","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5387222,"id":"Q5387222"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b1bb3df6afda84a920d97efe4444893782ac96ce","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7862333655357361","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q661861$48E420FF-765E-4A12-BEDD-DAD6EA0A6612","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b960ae18e2a36fead758d24366dda7618c1887ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3188076,"id":"Q3188076"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3143b5105461504dbcd7203bd1ae5fd79d1b2e30","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7774896621704102","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q661861$EF404246-8801-4AFA-8EA1-CC03965B5A0B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Class-preserving automorphisms and inner automorphisms of certain tree products of groups.","badges":[]}}}}}