{"entities":{"Q666404":{"pageid":668253,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q666404","lastrevid":56704401,"modified":"2026-03-19T01:07:35Z","type":"item","id":"Q666404","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Fluctuation of firm size in the long-run and bimodal distribution"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6013009"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$E3CF3718-3552-42FC-9707-0E9A853669D0","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"674d5f928d0e19aed2b1f80f68414758f3526234","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Fluctuation of firm size in the long-run and bimodal distribution","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$13210796-C245-4ED3-B3B3-BEFBB83089D0","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"5e22ded83585ab41bfef829ea891c9fd9a67cf1e","datavalue":{"value":"1233.91211","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$EE3F2C07-4989-4E7B-A969-751A23A71C23","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"02a96188a5b7788345b792814df9d3c443c9d900","datavalue":{"value":"10.1155/2011/269239","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$0F1169D1-0DB7-4EC4-AD74-42B2D8ADD205","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a9edd99c1dc1680dc67da2ca13fbd9a08ed0a733","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":215512,"id":"Q215512"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$59D13DAC-82ED-43EC-8E48-ACD55A0C7B86","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"54c0b4999dc70602e1bbbeb100196cf2e7e2f640","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":357542,"id":"Q357542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$5414CDF2-027F-4187-BFEA-AF9C7C3D43E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c416474052090bed107107bdb3afc0aaa5f8eb03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":220887,"id":"Q220887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$BDD10919-A04C-4DD6-96EE-D8A4CB8B34FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ec722ec46a082a7cc12fdaf3c0d74b3274aab215","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":666402,"id":"Q666402"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$5FC342C5-97E8-4E5B-AE18-5A23E2DFB384","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8fee1554458efbe91332bf7212872f9237f9e8c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":666403,"id":"Q666403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$8B5B57CD-0F6B-4D39-926E-AF2785882244","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"76a9d9a0baf762804f757cc839f33fba5b98847b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":447553,"id":"Q447553"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$24E693E5-0756-44B5-91D1-C747C43A8B02","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"086baaac6cfff2b3761aa8ffbeed776449d2b918","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-03-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$0E036544-37BE-49BC-B027-0FF5A5400F4F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"38d440892ad39b5a0df6d848fe824bd689c738f7","datavalue":{"value":"Summary: We study empirically and analytically growth and fluctuation of firm size distribution. An empirical analysis is carried out on a US data set on firm size, with emphasis on one-time distribution as well as growth-rate probability distribution. Both Pareto's law and Gibrat's law are often used to study firm size distribution. Their theoretical relationship is discussed, and it is shown how they are complementable with a bimodal distribution of firm size. We introduce economic mechanisms that suggest a bimodal distribution of firm size in the long run. The mechanisms we study have been known in the economic literature since long. Yet, they have not been studied in the context of a dynamic decision problem of the firm. Allowing for these mechanism thus will give rise to heterogeneity of firms with respect to certain characteristics. We then present different types of tests on US data on firm size which indicate a bimodal distribution of firm size.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$5A30E10D-98A8-4763-9F14-63F3A3DACBF7","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6f8dd48613c31a68784dfc4a3b5fc6723376a69a","datavalue":{"value":"91B82","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$89D337A5-629B-4E96-9459-87AC53F3971C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f05997ff6a5e52b677a4eb51707e3553308b2321","datavalue":{"value":"6013009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$FF83B506-3DD5-4FE7-AB59-94723E94F222","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"57f4ee90b8bcc71307cecedbcd530ec516fbd314","datavalue":{"value":"Q58655022","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$92A1829E-CA09-4B58-83E1-5A92994E3FF3","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$8A7AC78F-F8EA-4299-92BF-A3629FE8C824","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"e9ee1df8140ee8c1fc29a1947dd2bc69937acdba","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/269239","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$722CBBD1-76CE-45EF-AF6A-F09779685A11","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"65f42c89b77b49ac777e9c67c50096b6380dc858","datavalue":{"value":"W2120092117","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$6F829E84-3574-49C2-A23C-61D29A5B1511","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bce5fcd205fa2f2ef6fcbe1845d629ac67369d4f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5426331,"id":"Q5426331"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$444B194A-DF98-435B-B2D2-B9051AE0B8C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"222968ca243c028d19087e9b9f72bd0060da25c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1867902,"id":"Q1867902"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$E151E8A0-B8B0-4FE6-95FD-AF58D17C5F8E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"156e0039392d6ef79c6665c628ac60551f79308f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5790243,"id":"Q5790243"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$52CF37FC-B5EA-44DA-9BCE-6627415387BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ed21a7cf790b36b6777fa353a3a4cd378cda6715","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4162903,"id":"Q4162903"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$9AE4B4FF-42A2-4576-BBCB-4C7654772DEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef71d182a9ea54b16aa7b14d378db50510873472","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1146099,"id":"Q1146099"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$44EB0304-787A-4060-B20E-59CA8B4C5E61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f45d868add241d7aa08f1dd8771fadcf2510583a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1779003,"id":"Q1779003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$44F9DA78-04FA-4A82-9374-49F1B70D28AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4b3bf080a09da095a9b52bc7eb9bdd3ead9ac873","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":953726,"id":"Q953726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$0133D10F-1587-4124-91DD-C069612F21EE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5e86e8f1bd7cc1c70c37dba3575de8b1a74db27f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5198893,"id":"Q5198893"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7a0b700502ff0746f3690f7e4715e12d23b48fc2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7908989191055298","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q666404$34953CAC-3F36-407A-B470-3D2ECB983F8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dadf962fc4c10b0dc6390ad3d482cbbef363365d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6135273,"id":"Q6135273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c53426bfb14d22086be2ee6a7cc93cb7c277b5fe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7798849940299988","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q666404$0BAC12A9-7583-4C56-B64A-B450FC8C8AEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"256b61aa1bdb27ba13329e3f5a735abf0112b6ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3564009,"id":"Q3564009"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2376129bd398b3d72b1b437625382ec5e61202d4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7773129343986511","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q666404$AC1EC2B5-FA9C-4A61-80DD-0FCC8CA795BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"64affb2af389efaf20b67ede27bfeb62516f63a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2220283,"id":"Q2220283"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bdceeb065d93adff06ce02c41a7230ee385c1cbe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7690726518630981","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q666404$798F66F5-D4D6-4533-AC81-18478EA3DA96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b91a434ab7ab4cad2afdc9b1fdfd04d2e210d9c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1934691,"id":"Q1934691"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"62acee7d0c44c23f112ca71026e9a9372cca1792","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7654380202293396","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q666404$1EF4687F-9577-44EB-AE7E-8B7E8580DFF3","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"45fcd4163b5f33e6e8c784f5522d7246c0a1a61e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57056,"id":"Q57056"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q666404$CBBDB2FF-CBDD-4BCA-A5AE-3DA2243DB0C9","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:666404","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:666404"}}}}}