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Today, several proofs are known for both of these theorems. Perhaps, the simplest proof of Fermat's theorem uses a beautiful combinatorial lemma of Axel Thue: for any \\(a\\) and \\(m\\), the congruence \\(ax\\equiv y \\mod m\\) has a ``small'' solution \\(x\\), \\(y\\) other than the trivial solution \\((0,0)\\). Here, ``small'' means that \\(|x|,|y|\\leq\\sqrt{m}\\). In [``Two squares and four squares: the simplest proof of all?'', Math. Gaz. 94, No. 529, 119--123 (2010; \\url{doi:10.1017/s0025557200007233})], \\textit{G. J. O. Jameson} gave a short, simple proof of Lagrange's theorem based on an extension of Thue's lemma to the Gaussian integers. 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