{"entities":{"Q678208":{"pageid":680057,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q678208","lastrevid":63524373,"modified":"2026-04-11T13:44:58Z","type":"item","id":"Q678208","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Linear M-estimation with bounded variables"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1000360"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$EEE7761D-81CA-4838-AE06-827F53757CED","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"df3a25bde654d6d0b7388b004a19170846569ff6","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Linear M-estimation with bounded variables","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$DC483673-F572-48B5-84F8-14C017526631","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"71b4c4d49644bb34a87d1fdbc7d1355b9ab412f7","datavalue":{"value":"0872.65122","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$2A995252-D522-42EA-B02A-A564E6AF8FFE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"334a2b1f0f806098cb4f598d318eb21340ccec39","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02510169","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$BBA46AEB-195D-4BA2-AAF0-21E27EAE960A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"50711d9494fe5332e951b512770f4f1c9313d4d6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":457224,"id":"Q457224"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$4E99F78A-2CA1-44CE-8626-714739953118","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e560271c921b84b65a9b7f0d3fa6830623f8af8b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":188629,"id":"Q188629"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$AC0436C0-7F79-481E-A844-6D3D840F5B49","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"238dffa3abfa32d2f3f435b98c739e32735e84ac","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1997-08-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$D3FD9FE1-8D92-42E6-A83C-C3187BE757D7","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c050dab61924ddb75bde7d827e151b3355b316e9","datavalue":{"value":"The author considers the problem of finding the M-estimator of the overdetermined system of linear equations \\(Jh=-f\\), where \\(f\\in{\\mathbb{R}}^m\\), \\(h\\in{\\mathbb{R}}^n\\) and \\(J\\in{\\mathbb{R}}^{m\\times n}\\), when there is a bound \\(|h|_2\\leq\\delta\\) on \\(h\\). With the residual \\(l\\) defined by \\(l=f+Jh\\), the solution \\(h\\) of this problem is found by solving  \\[ \\text{minimize} \\sum_{i=1}^m\\rho\\left(\\frac{l_i(h)}{\\sigma}\\right)\\;\\text{subject to }|h|_2\\leq\\delta, \\]  where \\(\\sigma\\) and \\(\\delta\\) are real-valued positive constants and \\(\\rho:{\\mathbb{R}}^1\\to{\\mathbb{R}}^1\\) is a positive function with \\(\\rho(0)=0\\). The author uses the method of Lagrange multipliers with a Lagrangian function of the form  \\[ g_\\lambda(h)=\\sum_{i=1}^m\\rho\\left(\\frac{l_i(h)}{\\sigma}\\right)+\\lambda\\bigl(h^Th-\\delta^2\\bigr).\\tag{1} \\]  Instead of letting both \\(\\lambda\\) and \\(h\\) vary simultaneously [as did \\textit{H. Ekblom} and \\textit{K. Madsen} in BIT 29, No. 1, 60-76 (1989; Zbl 0677.65148)], the author keeps \\(\\lambda\\) constant while minimizing (1). The proposed algorithm is presented in details, possible implementations are thoroughly discussed and its properties are described. Finally, results of testing on well-known test problems are presented.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$AD34DE15-7028-45A6-B42F-0B01C241209A","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"b97ffffc5c648bc1b9503f87cfea61b9d21adb18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169458,"id":"Q169458"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$09E24541-20BB-4EA8-8DFB-7B21303F9E39","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9d53b6d887f8d02f744e09bef54fb1930d2da928","datavalue":{"value":"65C99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$31405C68-B4CF-428B-8203-B8A4791257BC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5823d607a543702da84952b8d59bfb2f0bb4edc6","datavalue":{"value":"62J05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$3172F2DD-AB84-4298-8D59-0F4EC9FE47F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"717e5d30d5ff12a8eec4b001d2230e0fa8c12f49","datavalue":{"value":"65F20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$B3B6E8CE-490B-4D82-B7BA-84F07673D0B9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ca06a78e43aad70d1be00c2b05df67b26a43cd2c","datavalue":{"value":"1000360","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$A6BE21E9-2D47-4EFF-90A1-B6192ECF942D","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"692735ffc9a8b430cdd02e3005c0aa049e1243bd","datavalue":{"value":"linear M-estimation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$F0299EBA-6E3D-4E6E-A49D-DF8938AD44C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"66c97c0c9d3c4101ef990070546a0c0944e51dfc","datavalue":{"value":"overdetermined system","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$B58B4C3C-B1D9-4055-A32B-46EFCF0AE451","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"71960cf6e97e289fa50ca04d04292ae7d1dca0f3","datavalue":{"value":"method of Lagrange multipliers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$5B8E20B0-4839-4B51-85E6-12C472D71C4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"48ddf43eca498c7e7087cd696beb82ea63925320","datavalue":{"value":"algorithm","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$CE12D2AB-C653-459E-AEE3-A148A7BEA339","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1d74cb5419439f42eb1ba8891c8722bd3702922d","datavalue":{"value":"numerical examples","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$6D509A26-BD04-4196-AB2A-C92C5DF3F3B7","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$CE4E60E1-DC1D-4694-A5FB-961D6C81F204","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"32c0bfe806e45907b432479885e2c869a7e224a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1123583,"id":"Q1123583"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$5628F7B4-6295-46AF-A09A-038A131EFBD0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"94abc8705ebb37f31d87bcf9eca153668a350887","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4226179,"id":"Q4226179"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$2A07476F-75CC-45D1-87B4-E6463DDBD1C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6786f73dc531b701292cccab87a69424b0c81180","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4739659,"id":"Q4739659"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$BD77CDCB-5479-4A49-B80C-C702000F51E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"55708cfb41504a154eeb3f0ac82558226e7ece24","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2638753,"id":"Q2638753"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$FE2E8758-D5FA-46A3-A190-B41AD32746ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"45e680863722c17f5c06b7ff9d07fb94ce93ee44","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3996907,"id":"Q3996907"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678208$230EAF46-4FD7-4070-B94C-F70135EA5CAE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ba710f71cf07007a2b471026f6206cbf86749a2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3982460,"id":"Q3982460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0d9bd2fbf27ef808171743eef575834729fa5428","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7811642","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$1BDB73D8-4B1F-443D-B208-3331CCD006E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d2bb81f6a155e51d0c79047f427d884a5331063b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3777326,"id":"Q3777326"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e2cd945da90f5b9079d81bb62fc9d3c323ae1234","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.76751","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$2900EF0B-187C-41E3-9DE0-18E5E7A5607F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"063825cfc5d55fbf5f98abaa10e57c5f138ac2c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1801558,"id":"Q1801558"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2813a2ab8edfe29d656f066b91417787b67fbe4b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.76736367","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$495EA435-77D5-46BC-ACC7-25FAC4BCAE8F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a0868d0ed81569138b7198096e37d374c24ff5ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3990264,"id":"Q3990264"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d4a8e8911d8cd4193fc58b5048ab784249a13e87","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7564902","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$86534DE1-7315-4C5D-8E74-C42029244534","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"379a53b05f6b9aa861ab125353daa1365cf9ce71","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3355150,"id":"Q3355150"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"83ed9409741890d6cdd28014b9f835d5e1dd82f0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7558104","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$8484F0B3-9E0F-4A40-8949-3D085CB90006","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"438075286c91ffed23bf783e7ac2780449d38fd3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5470246,"id":"Q5470246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65ca526473eb1aba74d4eb97ba89cb23cf566f3a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7540413","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$DD864CB4-46F5-4C88-9D4C-57CF0F828BDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fba8fe4923a476da6cb167dc4926491e638439f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5069933,"id":"Q5069933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"10c5099a3c2e48c418276c07f86ab81bddd4f13f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7534809","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$C713D73B-7EAC-4C7A-A3A5-3F575BD8EA0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"18140eabf27ae38c21169daf3bbde3b128ad54b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4836794,"id":"Q4836794"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"91727ca8936755bf0ef9747587caf550f64e2791","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75271976","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$6567E1B2-2FC4-4A61-B078-F44A539C067F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2677b5ac33d8410cdcd2539c8302f3f8ad2f4248","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3747621,"id":"Q3747621"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0cdd07fb80bb8eefa8d728e24ef6094c4de8d1c3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74324334","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$3D8609A2-822E-4404-B31C-B7483F66153E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"75197d30e832e4eee129773ec3dd2e66d4147e07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":916747,"id":"Q916747"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5c34201d51f528972551a8d31995ea3453a192c9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7394718","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678208$63559F06-7C76-4E32-9BCA-B960A0C757A9","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Linear M-estimation with bounded variables","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Linear_M-estimation_with_bounded_variables"}}}}}