{"entities":{"Q678815":{"pageid":680664,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q678815","lastrevid":63433839,"modified":"2026-04-11T13:07:32Z","type":"item","id":"Q678815","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Four step methods for \\(y''=f(x,y)\\)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1004380"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$36C878E4-020F-4350-B438-7A54A8378831","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"82eaa721ba60e79cc348807a0a15a7dd794c8bde","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Four step methods for \\(y''=f(x,y)\\)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$7E8956E2-506D-4924-A6B6-2F555FC78F5B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9e69f45abc6946a8bfa53d2f0d2aaa992e0d95ed","datavalue":{"value":"0872.65070","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$16549A22-C576-4264-AFE5-D51188CFF4AF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"70e3beea83166c8d3fd2adfc323ac0f7ef0f2ab2","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0377-0427(96)00165-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$5EA2C2A1-5F36-4A0F-A578-3135C7AFBF30","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fd9c81304347d0a662fa91fc9d7a6dace7504338","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":178736,"id":"Q178736"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$5B299B34-1FBA-4B40-A962-2B8A3DB25C18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"93601136db04eb225591692780659dab69328d96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":208839,"id":"Q208839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$B0EA0A8C-A1A0-4227-98B3-8E0FC4733DF7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"9291c21615d62497aa2bb6404791ba4d7844695d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":61355,"id":"Q61355"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$806FD89C-D5B6-437B-90CC-976199D32699","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"07e2bb7433a4c28d8495dcf5dbacc66b1b4fec48","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1997-10-20T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$1962A706-E355-4638-BB9D-CC092D30D267","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"71e7a5cbf799f6aa9028891cea06525c7e4565db","datavalue":{"value":"This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of initial value problems for special second order equations \\(y''(x)= f(x,y(x))\\) by means of linear multistep methods.    A one-parameter family of four-step linear methods with order six is constructed and a discussion of the zero-stability condition and the periodicity interval of the methods of this family according to the values of the free parameter is presented. After considering some possibilities of predictor-corrector implementations, the authors propose for high accuracy computations a PEC mode where the corrector is solved by Newton-Raphson iteration. Special attention is paid to all practical aspects of implementation like the starting values, local error control and the stepsize changing policy.   Finally some numerical examples are presented comparing the relative efficiency of a new code based on the proposed linear multistep methods with the well known DOPRIN method [cf. \\textit{E. Hairer}, \\textit{S. P. N\u00f8rsett} and \\textit{G. Wanner}, Solving ordinary differential equations. I: Nonstiff problems (1987; Zbl 0638.65058)] based on the Runge-Kutta pair of formulas of Dormand and Prince for first order equations.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$1A7AEA89-AC39-4B9D-A1D8-C5FCB28AC849","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"dbb0b5339b5fcadac13fcef5254642cfbbe433f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":237806,"id":"Q237806"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$818CEBFC-6EA5-4B03-90D8-7B3C0416C91E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"509564a93ca358a1f4c8858bd3f928473fea2d1d","datavalue":{"value":"65L06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$247FE112-4C50-4F4C-8032-9BDED38202FC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5a791263e4e07e7e02b7f9a5a0bca82e7a96f68a","datavalue":{"value":"65L05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$188CEDC5-B496-4C47-A53C-5354D0C07D93","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4d9b6913944578a9a87092cdae44c0d395b22c43","datavalue":{"value":"34A34","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$B0E8E0D1-FC90-4BE0-BCDD-13DA5E8FF0AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"df022de2ae2f5fed358cd03ae4667aa1d27a99a0","datavalue":{"value":"65L20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$B5975317-D645-45A5-B210-736E47750968","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"76186baafd6fc2641f50aac3664d6d9a9225113d","datavalue":{"value":"65L50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$BF64A158-DB63-47B7-B0FC-C7C256C63814","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d1176ef9b8b04e78ba0d319b9004ab77984480ff","datavalue":{"value":"65L70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$CA548936-3440-49D9-918F-6104C3F5B7C2","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"0b3437950162c3d3f029c3f1fdfb353bfd0a3b41","datavalue":{"value":"1004380","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$0145FBD0-9292-4D97-BFA9-9BBC96A9BBE1","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"068527cea071027504b1a14a43559b244b35c615","datavalue":{"value":"special second order equations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$461B1ED3-7519-4B67-A74A-43482C6A91C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0300987ad53b33e6660c60c0360f0e0cb8c7e18f","datavalue":{"value":"linear multistep methods","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$408EFFDC-B6B4-444F-90BF-350208C5F99E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f596b46a718e6cba66db6501b2bda89c40df427a","datavalue":{"value":"zero-stability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$C3FD4871-BEB2-43EB-B1BA-BFBFD9548CA7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a5d8a3503f9be973e5011ae6e184b0410431b6e9","datavalue":{"value":"predictor-corrector implementations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$D11D5B80-8AD7-42B3-96F2-88C57BF475DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"957440d38f6a1c95958a59a57840733f5b2ff547","datavalue":{"value":"Newton-Raphson iteration","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$30BC9C1B-CEA2-4DBF-A660-EE7BB973B358","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a9eaccf47714e51620d014000f5f83fc2d0e821b","datavalue":{"value":"local error control","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$3EA2BA28-17D4-46D1-9F9E-17BE6A67DE4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cb495371cc287236dde70d916da1762ea07b65a4","datavalue":{"value":"stepsize changing","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$5F98F786-D78D-4CF9-9A06-0F99D5BC160C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1d74cb5419439f42eb1ba8891c8722bd3702922d","datavalue":{"value":"numerical examples","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$EB157FF4-0FB7-4E00-89B5-64829EEEBF07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"040b534f7fb0ab8b22fa041e7e5f6168696a371a","datavalue":{"value":"DOPRIN method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$D9B6C99B-21B2-4236-87D2-FFA178F74A5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"dbd92172ac977ae41a6e24bc00dcbdde019d9710","datavalue":{"value":"Runge-Kutta pair","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$1B5B50A5-1488-4BB2-9CEB-D1492229D60E","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"04167acd4b4f2c9b76d719b23d8bdf614d0ade7e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":13365,"id":"Q13365"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$A0FA7FC1-C2BC-45AA-B8BF-CC203205A493","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"a0169e6f2fb5ae55c992e3758b191a2d1c97da9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16299,"id":"Q16299"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$69202AA2-0856-43F0-9FAC-43E34D5853B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"f322897f3cc1c9dc83837b5e22abacde740a68a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":18373,"id":"Q18373"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$18E97814-4DFF-43B8-9EDF-06C03161096D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$94D4E9A6-361C-442F-B91F-6C563F554C85","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"40f7cf1cbd08e2fef456c80a1a877d1a81ec64b7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1366041,"id":"Q1366041"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$2DD77634-34AF-4625-B7F9-EE4FDEFAA016","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ea79b702657c0846926b34199b959b1c400d8409","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5678377,"id":"Q5678377"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$075AE378-319E-4C2A-B1E2-631028FB5090","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7d1ba5f631691657a12ecbfc7c425129f645f523","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3779682,"id":"Q3779682"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$288C3059-826C-45E8-8AAE-C4EE5969C1CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ba8d383d450d05cfa53afe71613cb404575ed3ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5719651,"id":"Q5719651"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$00A3823B-AECC-4329-B879-803CFADE8675","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1d9f797114a6902621c442dac50e94ac95546767","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4056354,"id":"Q4056354"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$94C1DD76-EEAA-472D-82F6-224996758F46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1663a05c7b06788f06326932d501bde546469fee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1822909,"id":"Q1822909"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$00373EE8-7DA5-44DA-BBA4-8222194971E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7ebd6d1eb8a2811cf16d4b69c969a0402b0924eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4002473,"id":"Q4002473"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$D0394A3B-19B6-47BD-A874-F378D4808073","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"096ce7cf44d1a36afe7876479b3a4379ab40b515","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4131554,"id":"Q4131554"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$CDCF0BEA-59CE-4E22-B907-FD8B1F282D9E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"510e08b4a3a4671ae10e8728292854515144b645","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1066627,"id":"Q1066627"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$C030D528-8C0C-41F1-ABEB-7DF1B25E1E5A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4028406666b0a296801a28239d16cc85b8f4b5ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":804253,"id":"Q804253"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$D54B8602-A52B-431D-9F85-F3334099D474","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"903126274f3ce8724d3fcf019ed77a1b6bdc91bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":918147,"id":"Q918147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$8666B312-6AC2-4DC3-95EB-9698A4CCEB87","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"75294140b8d4f4c0de811261a7c554142a87a20c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1891016,"id":"Q1891016"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$34591AA9-532B-43B3-B960-324F102D9A95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"500d20b31d58ffda86bd159b0fccb07312f57d10","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1899961,"id":"Q1899961"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$249A5AD3-96B0-4DE6-9697-B3C3B10DD49C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3ae88d1ec0b915cf26a6eaf5120076573a00747f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1195739,"id":"Q1195739"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$20B12E4C-529A-4158-9A78-10D992693607","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f796b34f7807d79ca6964ed31478a732f5643331","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0427(96)00165-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$55ADB01A-6A4F-4B04-B978-CE63DD3756E5","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"3bc945c8c0ca7187b3d5679d4c667c2d64c83d98","datavalue":{"value":"W2110256724","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q678815$81D3633E-C2B0-4A78-8569-143C3D4C0C56","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0620acb340ea203c9fb0ef3aa3c1bf0fec867aaa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1891016,"id":"Q1891016"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1c44729a92281917a283a40bae159c5b4dae4aa3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8501341342926025","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678815$62E88901-A72D-4199-AC4C-E11CF3D457D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1233b130d833e0767a03dc8a17578d515d8c2db6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4380282,"id":"Q4380282"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bbdd0360a7f1bcd2c17c927941e83e2d87a5a3c6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8466538190841675","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678815$7AFBF28A-E1E6-4392-B92D-7842AAB45A5C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aa9e987316e8f11de7243b64f9de37e0a0bfe793","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2914794,"id":"Q2914794"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0e4954526172866a10a1ad9d5ee15b9c4ad23203","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8211522698402405","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678815$34462B2A-3BF4-463D-BD2E-13D129BE37FC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0280bc7ac5ea5a44a17d566312e2dca728bc30d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2006698,"id":"Q2006698"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"008b53648f884ccaae04c1c4a905a5f66d1f1b22","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8163731694221497","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q678815$EA6241B9-1BC7-4222-BB94-18439342BFAC","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Four step methods for \\(y''=f(x,y)\\)","badges":[]}}}}}