{"entities":{"Q685592":{"pageid":687441,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q685592","lastrevid":42641736,"modified":"2025-07-07T15:00:16Z","type":"item","id":"Q685592","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The \\(3x+1\\) problem: New lower bounds on nontrivial cycle lengths"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 417460"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$6F1BEEF7-F19A-42BA-92F0-FEBD9F485199","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"e028617385044b1ea81e88d2bb4e7230d800a7ba","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The \\(3x+1\\) problem: New lower bounds on nontrivial cycle lengths","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$52B37016-3C39-46D1-8867-EB970543AAD1","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"d68dfc6c1218d6d8710e4a1fe70cba93d324ff29","datavalue":{"value":"0786.11012","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$CABD3354-B266-4B79-9FB7-9846244556C9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"a18e1b2ae93afa8def40abbd9fc3e1626bebdc87","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0012-365X(93)90052-U","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$7C4C58C6-F879-4797-8D60-E16EB4C419D7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6f162a365b204fccf5e9bb5c2dcfd4b10f31e740","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":190538,"id":"Q190538"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$2BC92F20-A9B4-4B24-82DB-E64A414999DC","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"38665fe4ed2b835132254a58832c329597060029","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175483,"id":"Q175483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$E878C72E-A709-48C5-8AB2-94D79266B6B0","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"124e2f7ed8f30ce01f23e39289738102bd36645d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-11-02T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$1886D0B3-1F69-4D1F-8E4A-04FE35A18307","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1fc55fc8ca2e521247da49f7ff1ded149e985192","datavalue":{"value":"The ``Collatz''-problem (or ``\\(3x+1\\)''- or ``Hasse''- or ``Syracuse''- or ``Kakutani''-problem) is to prove that for every \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\) there exists a \\(k\\) with \\(T^{(k)}(n)=1\\) where the function \\(T(n)\\) takes odd numbers \\(n\\) to \\((3n+1)/2\\) and even numbers \\(n\\) to \\(n/2\\). This conjecture has been verified with a computer at least up to \\(n=2^{40}\\).   Given \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\), a trajectory of \\(n\\) is defined as the set of iterates \\(\\Omega(n):= \\{n,T(n), T^{(2)}(n),\\dots\\}\\). A trajectory \\(\\Omega\\) will be called a cycle (of length \\(k\\)) if \\(T^{(k)}(x)=x\\) for all \\(x\\in \\Omega\\), where \\(k= \\text{Card }\\Omega\\). For example, \\(\\Omega(1)= \\{1,2\\}\\) is a cycle of length 2, called the trivial cycle.   Now the ``\\(3x+1\\)''-conjecture reads as \\(1\\in\\Omega(n)\\) for all \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\) and implies that \\(\\Omega(1)\\) should be the only cycle of \\(T\\). Various authors have observed that nontrivial cycles of \\(T\\) (if any) must be very big. In this paper the author proves that for any nontrivial cycle of \\(T\\) with \\(\\text{Min} \\Omega>2^{40}\\) holds the equation  \\[ \\text{Card }\\Omega= 301 994a+ 17 087 915b+ 85 137 581c, \\]  where \\(a\\), \\(b\\), \\(c\\) are nonnegative numbers, \\(b>0\\), and \\(ac=0\\). In particular, the smallest admissible values for \\(\\text{Card }\\Omega\\) are 17 087 915, 17 389 909, 17 691 903, and so on.   In his proof the author uses classical facts about continued fractions to obtain a sufficient sharp one-sided diophantine approximation of \\(\\log_ 2(3)\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$C70A4EA0-43DA-4D48-8A32-D70B8DB4BF82","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ab8eef56e70f4344928a6ab2df1e044698959c62","datavalue":{"value":"11B83","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$FAD809C3-59EE-47DF-9EA7-B5EA79BC1F40","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d0ed58a0b9942f3618c396d62c590e8cad386252","datavalue":{"value":"417460","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$495C7B01-1434-46EA-9052-E94FA4879544","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8af64928f19b22151146a3cb2f6c0469d72892e9","datavalue":{"value":"Collatz function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$4A70686A-73B0-4C1C-84DC-3FAF0338609C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3f41d3ad8020fcafff0f36fd0aac01669c6b29de","datavalue":{"value":"\\(3x+1\\)-conjecture","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$AF45AC57-1E81-4533-9800-1C1590D79774","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2dcf267cbc3e04fdcfc3d3761f7ad8ebdabe8c51","datavalue":{"value":"cycles","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$5B776072-5E6F-488E-B105-4623D51E8892","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fbd8bd00802bba4a01863b244569c4fe92e36b02","datavalue":{"value":"one-sided diophantine approximation of \\(\\log_ 2(3)\\)","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$D0E60AC7-DBCA-455E-996B-8B2DECE90255","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"33587164e0783338a2faaf53563dde43c19d6f81","datavalue":{"value":"trajectory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$37572566-14D2-42D3-853A-D5618AA2EE96","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"c060459df95d1d00f7867e45a1402d4ec40abeec","datavalue":{"value":"Q63353519","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$D903E39D-5DBB-473B-9E61-F3E2C4451C20","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"e02644b29262741be0ee5a4decf79f80ac85825d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":227757,"id":"Q227757"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$713C5962-CED4-48D0-84D5-2204E0E37112","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$1831FD88-9516-4B57-AD29-3582D64C6A94","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3a0dd7e89e3535e41ecf877390a9a5f81fe6eaef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4177640,"id":"Q4177640"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$772C97DB-2CCD-4F8B-A8F0-C8ECF4D5AA8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7d209315c4d3e50a930d2c08bd8b6d13760b965a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3680903,"id":"Q3680903"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$5AABAC83-E97D-479E-8789-3879CAED5663","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec0204b59604ccfeec42b953d66f25daa6c1e12f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3918178,"id":"Q3918178"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$2FE0FB77-CD6D-40CA-B9BB-BF620BC3DE89","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"17ecc94c916e9aa80f2a569a617294daa79f0a14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1059095,"id":"Q1059095"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$01F07148-3B40-4FDA-9C8F-DC312E0FAB10","rank":"normal"}],"P1635":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1635","hash":"0b3a1d0f50ff1b91380d9b3d34f239300bb675f5","datavalue":{"value":"journals/dm/Eliahou93","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q685592$69F6BAD7-8ED9-4169-9090-D1804CCCD515","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"193443b2052cd282566d8997bacbe3fea915b612","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4677368,"id":"Q4677368"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"aba36951653680850f58eb624d17b1e676c621d2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9362228","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$CD091440-B26F-4224-9C96-2A1FED282903","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0f47f244ef8e7128a08678f8eda388ff5f7f48d0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4671854,"id":"Q4671854"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fad6901d2ed7580874b2ad19e5a908bb348a38ab","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90041476","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$195C5E5C-CA9C-4C1B-8679-84666E4E3EC0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8e460a514afc299e043321af6fdf1af2ba54b09a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2173424,"id":"Q2173424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"764d6df369378d813a92d4216afd7e7151bf9b3d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8815664","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$5712DC58-FCED-4A91-AF73-0C1632D83F12","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0b5d619820e6360c5bc6c730e47b4ae2223a95f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1746201,"id":"Q1746201"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"67bb6c4cff487d90be84fc082567732b37ccadbb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8754641","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$73DAEB0C-742E-4799-BA0C-70C7F5A0A64B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fad63b6b22107d48ff648fdcfbdb6058c8819c28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5162867,"id":"Q5162867"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c30bce5d563b4cb79f3c32304f6a005811d18492","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86182296","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$9F279977-930A-4509-9A64-E1AB9B2F4B13","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7040417bb63f887d016344c12b3c49b331aba254","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6181273,"id":"Q6181273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"33defcee32c6bef3f10f6978a2a7d5f752883df9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86170477","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$5CE2155F-EA19-4DF7-91CC-C90EF081F4F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a6ed1b18a6aeae5dec6c2b98a8b6eba2691eefea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2111913,"id":"Q2111913"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2637aa72bb82b0ff03884eb1f023ce3fa16e0954","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8596157","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$DFCEBE73-06AD-4207-A004-C55F7E7253CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"51d0f2c83ab5a885ff9e290116bd85031f4d7076","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2380021,"id":"Q2380021"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c31ba497cbb924dff116707efb74a08e998e1ea0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.859417","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$8D6AF5A5-3A8D-494A-9B82-BDE517AE4342","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2dba32103dc4153aa92a545f444d6424f0fa28ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4713052,"id":"Q4713052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1bc3e56a8e631d7adf6f52d4ac7fbacdbc9ecd8e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8584506","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q685592$AD21DDAB-2E15-455E-8BD1-16FE923DCA06","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:685592","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:685592"}}}}}