{"entities":{"Q686020":{"pageid":687869,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q686020","lastrevid":63465003,"modified":"2026-04-11T13:20:45Z","type":"item","id":"Q686020","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Irreducible automorphisms of growth rate one"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 427657"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$E9535B4E-AB6C-418D-9816-1A70533ECA86","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7ac1d61221e27f3fbef7c5851668727411c90e28","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Irreducible automorphisms of growth rate one","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$349AFDA4-FBBE-4B5A-B7B3-649F3B5F88A5","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2312d82b1750ef922d32a41ddb7b9045738d0fec","datavalue":{"value":"0787.20023","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$0B124A94-7076-4B1D-9983-C8D18FE8C9EB","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0637fb9b73765caf0048a2223b5a3da1ecd237e4","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-4049(93)90012-I","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$A2DACBA1-24D1-429F-8BD1-56D04C997695","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f69fa7507b6f6a68fff16cb7c21721bff46457dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":649799,"id":"Q649799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$85DB0E8A-BD22-416F-9FBA-AF4613109394","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"077a1b7d64765047ebc8d2bb20d2d1a33e91c432","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590520,"id":"Q590520"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$EC98290B-83D0-4D7A-B3C1-2B6A38DB5DF6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"34a2791b3d9645796ba9cdff19dd05bcf40f0161","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168348,"id":"Q168348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$9ED8D108-104F-4968-9DCB-476160E4CABA","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1123a439d90d175676c6391c948615ea5f16ae52","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1994-05-12T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$09C0CF73-46DB-4D44-ACAE-06605C1D604A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4b65fd869b1497ff3db3cc73ad5f9735389513a6","datavalue":{"value":"As the title indicates the authors study the irreducible automorphisms (of a finitely generated free group \\(F\\)) of growth rate one. This terminology comes from the known paper of \\textit{M. Bestvina} and \\textit{M. Handel} [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 135, 1-51 (1992; Zbl 0757.57004)]. Here the authors describe explicitly the irreducible automorphisms of growth rate one. They define an automorphism \\(\\alpha \\in \\text{Aut }F\\) to be reducible if there exists a free decomposition \\(F = (*_{i\\in \\mathbb{Z}_ m}F_ i) * F_ \\infty\\), for some \\(m\\geq 1\\), such that for every \\(i \\in \\mathbb{Z}_ m\\) there exists an \\(f_ i \\in F\\) such that \\(F_ i^{\\alpha f_ i} = F_{i+1}\\) (\\(\\mathbb{Z}_ m\\) is the set of integers \\(\\text{mod }m\\)). An automorphism is called irreducible if it is not reducible.   The main result of this paper describes precisely the irreducible automorphisms of growth rate one: let \\(p < q\\) be prime numbers. Then the free group of rank \\(pq-p-q+1\\) can be presented as \\(\\langle x_{i,j} (i\\in \\mathbb{Z}_ p,\\;j\\in\\mathbb{Z}_ q)\\mid x_{i,0} = x_{0,j} = 1\\rangle\\), and the mapping \\(x_{i,j}\\mapsto x_{1,1} x^{- 1}_{i+1,1}x_{i+1,j+1}x^{-1}_{1,j+1}\\), \\(i\\in \\mathbb{Z}_ p\\), \\(j\\in \\mathbb{Z}_ q\\) defines an automorphism denoted by \\(\\alpha_{pq}\\). Let \\(_ 0\\) and \\(_ 1\\) denote the identity automorphisms of groups of rank 0 and 1, respectively and let \\(\\alpha_ 2\\) denote the inverting automorphism of the free group of rank 1. They prove that an irreducible automorphism of a finitely generated free group with growth rate 1 is equivalent (in a certain sense) to one of the above automorphisms \\(\\alpha_ n\\). They also study the irreducibility of the outer automorphisms as well as geometric realizations of the above irreducible automorphisms.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$823C96FC-1221-4FEF-8701-912006B9AF09","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9f4783aefc0465a962c2651b89c22d3aa35c14ce","datavalue":{"value":"20E36","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$B8564B91-D8E2-4D2C-8094-E0C9526508E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e478659c80ac196196a2283c8b16b79c8d8cd8d5","datavalue":{"value":"20E05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$E7F56E62-5B24-4D11-B329-03A1DBF087FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"639e35a4d8066ba3b320b7c5998ad4d73a0cf431","datavalue":{"value":"20F65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$CEF87EBC-3DEE-4E9E-B70E-0AC35D8D6775","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"21f00aab010cafc29f45ee659310afaf13c9d8f3","datavalue":{"value":"57M07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$7CBB8592-8292-491D-9FCF-BC72474A52C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"fcae15942a1ef1170b65682251799a9bfed1dcd3","datavalue":{"value":"20E06","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$54CF0EEF-D106-4F71-A277-6D71FC798471","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f995655ebd1759da2304b6efe916c3a2ef813d9a","datavalue":{"value":"427657","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$4EBF7405-5A10-4DE2-8982-B8CA06D40D3F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d522c80af30e7fded6f0fd9fa4290983ed4db572","datavalue":{"value":"irreducible automorphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$8E413A1B-52E0-4EA2-B73F-4494A93ECBE2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"44d8802b4716988458c2208a5ea43b757895b682","datavalue":{"value":"finitely generated free group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$A4214E25-F95D-4132-8A5C-207D0BB36C77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2b93d3494f85ffbd9ecfd0f615aa170077e6235b","datavalue":{"value":"growth rate","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$9109CDFF-17C5-4165-8603-679CFB5A7D0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d54b055671d58cdaa9c92298f24ebfc717ce3192","datavalue":{"value":"free decomposition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$8DD6A419-F36D-493B-BD78-18EA12F0B9D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"424b7129cae1497c320c770445dde02e3e0e9fcb","datavalue":{"value":"outer automorphisms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$566F1ADC-95D8-49C0-8D23-333222BBD2D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"818f0a4cbc36fc5ee907b6db01fea12a18ede5dd","datavalue":{"value":"geometric realizations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$D440E151-DB8F-4AC9-957C-07793B0C86F6","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$D4A571B2-7439-4AD2-9C3B-BBC4AB109D43","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0a95752be5e62e4610eca2c5f75d196417bba7df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1190607,"id":"Q1190607"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$AA51D250-E404-4FB5-8101-A258CB4A938C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e50520c351d5e5e4c781de24c33ba5644cd67aee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4040246,"id":"Q4040246"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$76A90FD5-FEB4-4490-B08D-9755A5076615","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f516aef5f9b156e61fed9d64558e28492eb30a58","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3204669,"id":"Q3204669"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$E49215DE-5DC5-43F2-B976-6D91A240F1CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b61ff41cba099dcf37e49b4b315b738fd1d4bf62","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5789039,"id":"Q5789039"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q686020$9BBD8E96-4DA5-45F6-9603-45D019F83720","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2e0b48f5368310b99f3b27cda0f2aafcb7274bd6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3204669,"id":"Q3204669"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eae53bda2566a5f71aa3078908c585c3503ff566","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8332578539848328","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q686020$FE4CE32F-AEE3-49F3-AC1E-14BB3EF4D48E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"acabf45f91130a2db5c48a07562af92a34d75d68","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2655439,"id":"Q2655439"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2128e503755165d425970e1fb4adaaeda8bdd057","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8047515749931335","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q686020$D1324A0C-290A-4FBE-88AC-3C7701CF91CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6c9fda3c6e25e20df02db7c6aa57939e51425c42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5387282,"id":"Q5387282"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1c0f680cc419f2a0fdf6e031cff84a377372a8b3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7977049946784973","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q686020$ED2F4F27-90E1-4DE7-AD47-98262FE6AE67","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9da5d29e7d0680d5d28cc007576f795ab785aeae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3431210,"id":"Q3431210"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a7dab2b5b3df972088e5da3307b9b08fcd380b32","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7903623580932617","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q686020$9B33B7F5-48D9-4FBE-9109-60AD415E1458","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0a0d8566e8c704491004574bbf889075b3248d86","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":433549,"id":"Q433549"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a878e4591fe52ee978eaa12a626269c99fab51b1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7808396816253662","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q686020$5E77F66D-5B99-493C-ADDB-0E7F571B62E3","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Irreducible automorphisms of growth rate one","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Irreducible_automorphisms_of_growth_rate_one"}}}}}