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J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 41, No. 3, 408-424 (1990; Zbl 0671.10045).]   The principal result of this paper is the following theorem on the distribution of general multiplicative functions on arithmetic progressions: Let \\(g\\) be a complex-valued multiplicative function satisfying \\(| g|\\leq 1\\), and let \\(0<\\beta<1\\), \\(0<\\delta<1/2\\), \\(2\\leq\\log N\\leq Q\\leq N\\) be given. Then  \\[  \\sum_{\\substack{n\\leq x \\\\ n\\equiv r\\pmod D}} g(n)= \\frac1{\\varphi(D)} \\sum _{\\substack{n\\leq x \\\\ (n,d)=1}} g(n)+O \\left( \\frac{x} {\\varphi(D)} \\biggl( \\frac{\\log Q}{\\log x} \\biggr)^{1/8-\\delta} \\right) \\]   holds for \\(N^\\beta \\leq x\\leq N\\), \\((r,D)=1\\), for all moduli \\(D\\leq Q\\) save possibly the multiples of some \\(D_ 0>1\\), where the \\(O\\)- constant depends at most on \\(\\beta\\) and \\(\\delta\\). This estimate represents a significant improvement, both in terms of the size of the error term and the range of uniformity in the modulus \\(D\\), of earlier results by the author [Mathematika 34, 199--206 (1987; Zbl 0637.10032)] and the reviewer [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 108, 307--318 (1990; Zbl 0692.10038)], and is probably close to best-possible under the given general hypotheses. The uniformity in the modulus \\(D\\) is the same as in Gallagher's prime number theorem [\\textit{P. Gallagher}, Invent. Math. 11, 329--339 (1970; Zbl 0219.10048)]. In fact, the author shows that Gallagher's theorem in the form  \\[  \\pi(x,D,r)= \\frac{\\pi(x)}{\\varphi(D)} \\left( 1+O \\Biggl( \\biggl( \\frac{\\log Q}{\\log x}\\biggr)^{1/8-\\delta} \\Biggl)\\right), \\]   where \\(x\\), \\(Q\\), and \\(D\\) are as above, can be deduced from his result, thus providing a new proof of Gallagher's theorem (with a somewhat weaker error term) which avoids the use of density results for 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