{"entities":{"Q687913":{"pageid":689762,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q687913","lastrevid":63619239,"modified":"2026-04-11T14:23:44Z","type":"item","id":"Q687913","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Lindel\u00f6f degree of inverse limits and \\(\\sigma\\)-products"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 436764"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$9F1226D0-D411-4CFA-9402-477769863A04","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"b7f0d026109d0db2f5103906469c73e2d81adeda","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Lindel\u00f6f degree of inverse limits and \\(\\sigma\\)-products","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$B34D9769-5FC5-42F8-B164-930B0CDC0400","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"17da19383ba9945f15aac61f5572efadf451fdf6","datavalue":{"value":"0855.54029","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$14FAF26C-3104-401D-B72F-CAAE77906377","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"55be46e2b960707ba38a98cf74254d0501a2a62e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":687911,"id":"Q687911"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$00C05E12-5088-4EC6-84CF-A4F5211CBFE0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"347a96b72ce14936ce41a16e54798a0587f5a260","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":687912,"id":"Q687912"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$CE617874-6CFE-4D01-96B4-01EAEA0C811D","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"45e1edb64efeee080173451c87c3f0c1d8534742","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":174829,"id":"Q174829"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$F46D1FA5-1598-4C09-86D5-C105F1297CC9","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ae9aaa534980015221c1d39c9156b650100119fc","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1997-02-04T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$845B17FB-4202-4E9A-853C-8148A614940D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"87f4f68d0c54124121125e8303b62219cdc933fc","datavalue":{"value":"The following results about the Lindel\u00f6f property of inverse limits and \\(\\sigma\\)-products are known:   I [\\textit{K. Nagami}, Fundam. Math. 73, 261-270 (1972; Zbl 0226.54005)]. Assume that \\(X_\\infty = \\varprojlim \\{X_i, \\pi_i^j\\}\\) is countably paracompact. If each \\(\\pi^j_i\\) is open, each \\(\\pi_i\\) is surjective and each \\(X_i\\) is a normal \\(L(m)\\) space, then \\(X_\\infty\\) is a normal \\(L(m)\\) space.   II [\\textit{E. Michael}, Compos. Math. 23, 199-214 (1971; Zbl 0216.44304)]. The product \\(\\prod_{n < \\omega} X_n\\) is hereditarily Lindel\u00f6f iff for each \\(n < \\omega\\) \\(\\prod_{i < n} X_i\\) is hereditarily Lindel\u00f6f.   III [the second named author, PhD Dissertation Sichuan Univ. 1990]. The \\(\\sigma\\)-product of the spaces \\(\\{X_\\lambda : \\lambda \\in \\Lambda\\}\\) is Lindel\u00f6f iff for each \\(c \\in [\\Lambda]^{< \\omega} \\prod_{\\lambda \\in c} X_\\lambda\\) is Lindel\u00f6f.   The main results are the three theorems below. Theorem 1 is related to I and theorems 2 and 3 improve II and III, respectively. \\(L(X)\\) and \\(hL(X)\\) denote the Lindel\u00f6f degree and the hereditary Lindel\u00f6f degree, respectively.   Theorem 1. Let \\(X_\\infty\\) be the inverse limit of the inverse system \\(\\{X_\\lambda, \\pi^\\mu_\\lambda, \\Lambda \\}\\). If each \\(\\pi_\\lambda^\\mu\\) is open, \\(\\pi_\\lambda\\) surjective and \\(X_\\infty\\) \\(|\\Lambda |\\)-paracompact, then \\(L(X_\\infty) \\leq|\\Lambda|\\cdot(\\sup \\{L(X_\\lambda): \\lambda\\in\\Lambda\\})\\).   Theorem 2. Let \\(X_\\infty \\) be the inverse limit of the inverse system \\(\\{X_\\lambda, \\pi_\\lambda^\\mu, \\Lambda\\}\\). If each \\(\\pi_\\lambda^\\mu\\) is open and each \\(\\pi_\\lambda\\) is surjective, then \\(hL(X_\\infty) \\leq |\\Lambda |\\cdot (\\sup \\{hL (X_\\lambda) : \\lambda \\in \\Lambda\\}) \\).   Theorem 3. Let \\(X\\) be the \\(\\sigma\\)-product of the spaces \\(\\{X_\\lambda:\\lambda\\in\\Lambda\\}\\). Then \\(L(X) = \\sup \\{L (\\prod_{\\lambda \\in c} X_\\lambda) : c \\in [\\Lambda]^{< \\omega}\\}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$027DB129-B1C1-4A3C-9C35-1DE803ECBA1D","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d6638429f658636cde013e7c47dae42190f534e9","datavalue":{"value":"54D20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$CE0859DE-3550-4D38-A67C-85FE9CD6EE7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"48a612eadf52305c7a285a0bf279d7340472d693","datavalue":{"value":"54B35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$A586D2DB-D3EB-42C0-9C48-0280A7264850","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5f70b59279cc975ff13b3fcc96c409898d99acf5","datavalue":{"value":"54B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$D649099D-B6DF-43B2-ADE9-730847393404","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"84a81964c6af0cbd3bcd52e8c71da8750d6e07cd","datavalue":{"value":"436764","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$A77BD682-E411-41A2-863B-53E271D95D4D","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b18345f152d1e7d1ae2b29626bd193babdd5ba6f","datavalue":{"value":"Lindel\u00f6f property","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$0B2994F7-A24A-4029-B0B2-C127815588E9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3f4ccc88fb86ee4de3155fd8551400258036ce13","datavalue":{"value":"hereditarily Lindel\u00f6f","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$E8816EB6-52D2-4451-9715-52BD32E4F5DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7499e4557e1ecc7227d523b2f3053b4d8e63ebbc","datavalue":{"value":"hereditary Lindel\u00f6f degree","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$CA4F16E3-C933-4D4A-B6F1-D9260703D4D4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q687913$1EB66C0B-9DEC-4BAB-A218-5CA7C55476D8","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fff8ca187edb61db2c2e32d448ea26446447f91f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4289004,"id":"Q4289004"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d8b6c453860d307bb5e98990b2c849f930efa1df","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8793536424636841","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q687913$70DCB57B-E09F-4AAC-85D1-FCB76431EFC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fe99db30be9fe89391b2a14c1d63e934240f20f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3357072,"id":"Q3357072"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2c70d85eacc18bdeadbe1c66119766eb88201461","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8777839541435242","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q687913$1709F6A2-2B97-4F6A-81A6-5F01831D4AD8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0e45472ef0fc68458110a0e57558a7b95275c85d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5503890,"id":"Q5503890"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6baa8ab3998d8718e629810ae067885fed589712","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8026255965232849","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q687913$97A113BE-AFE2-4F82-9FCF-2973D06D5878","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b6691a5ff9cb1dc588c43e9645cadc53ecc79b32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3837124,"id":"Q3837124"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d332e0d13fc285e40744e8cdbdaa87b116b2fe8d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7933015823364258","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q687913$52A9F1BD-4C62-4DC0-A879-202A863A72F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"044f43896265cf36083eb285671015cc053aec03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3416535,"id":"Q3416535"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d332e0d13fc285e40744e8cdbdaa87b116b2fe8d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7933015823364258","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q687913$F75B5BAF-6630-4D89-9F10-9D91A139A486","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Lindel\u00f6f degree of inverse limits and \\(\\sigma\\)-products","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Lindel%C3%B6f_degree_of_inverse_limits_and_%5C(%5Csigma%5C)-products"}}}}}