{"entities":{"Q688526":{"pageid":690375,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q688526","lastrevid":63731778,"modified":"2026-04-11T15:10:08Z","type":"item","id":"Q688526","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Second order duality in multiobjective programming"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 444905"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$59250E56-A677-44A0-8C5E-720458FB85D4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"dfc98f02ad57469a5b0fbdc49f894b9769953921","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Second order duality in multiobjective programming","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$C006DD20-F74A-4985-8948-722603916211","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"66c769c7c7eb84a6d3e8dd767aebe439d28c3cf0","datavalue":{"value":"0797.90081","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$B6F2DAC8-0275-4971-94B1-DAA28DD00165","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"07c876e6223b6f7e45c6ea730b8b78c5772aad81","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":260460,"id":"Q260460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$C157AA27-4DB5-499E-A9C4-62FFE03AAF4A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"c5d074b1021e7f927693bc5941d197696bf04af1","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1994-10-25T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$ECDA7B27-9A2C-4F10-9EE4-911C4AD280CF","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"daad5af368ca9fecb414720eca982eef18d00ba3","datavalue":{"value":"In the introduction, the authors present the definition of the second order dual problem (formulated by Mangasarian) and points out its essential differences to the first order dual problem (Wolfe). Considering the concept of proper efficiency for Pareto optimization problems   (MP) Minimize \\((f_ i(x)\\mid i\\in Q)\\), subject to \\(g(x)\\leq 0\\),   where \\(f_ i: R^ n\\to R\\), \\(i\\in Q=\\{1,2,\\dots,q\\}\\) and \\(g: R^ n\\to R^ m\\) are twice differentiable, the second order dual problem for (MP) is defined as:   (D4) Maximize \\((f_ i(u)+ y^ t g(u)- 1/2 p'\\nabla^ 2(f_ i(u)+ y^ t g(u))p\\mid i\\in Q)\\)   subject to \\(\\nabla[\\tau^ t f(u)+ y^ t g(u)]+ \\nabla^ 2[\\tau^ t f(u)ty^ t g(u)]p= 0\\), \\(\\tau>0\\), \\(\\tau^ t e= 1\\), \\(y\\geq 0\\).   With various conditions as invexity and quasiconvexity, the author obtains three theorems for the weak duality and two for duality in the classical sense of duality.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$229D316B-71E7-4F43-B74B-2E207588483C","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f180476aacacc0952b2209f458581df72896a0b3","datavalue":{"value":"90C29","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$3F66478A-29CA-4296-A196-53F67D619D66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"52de7d4bf5a27d5ad252804eec58396bb3e40c44","datavalue":{"value":"90C30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$0C00BF44-2BE4-44C0-8938-364D2440B5BF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5278cdc14bdd6415b221ddfc6dca4d75c40e3560","datavalue":{"value":"444905","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$750F0EC8-1BB4-4663-BC90-C1F8369A5424","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"72c99488b43447143490f0cf851b06e905b2d0b1","datavalue":{"value":"second order dual problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$E0FADF33-93D2-43B5-8E68-0488EE7E1D10","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"10c055f3518fae07fcd0323a4da3201ef3a0e3fd","datavalue":{"value":"proper efficiency","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$1FB5E315-6BCA-4F84-82CF-7171A7DF88FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"51ad6198b1c0b14188b66db450c7c8c5a2b40fda","datavalue":{"value":"invexity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$CD7A9380-BFE2-4D41-BD10-5444ECF765D6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4030a06bf9cbb2237425c779b63dd16db97671c0","datavalue":{"value":"quasiconvexity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$1E92AB04-F644-43E3-AE10-43295985D774","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0f57afd3808857610be189cbe5de07e4d9ae86a3","datavalue":{"value":"weak duality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$2269922D-672F-4E4B-AFE5-21CF035080D2","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"58ac355383202d20e32ed70957ef0caa73b0e552","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1262821,"id":"Q1262821"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$91A3A640-E987-4FA8-B716-03D425913533","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"985708fbe84339ad82c764b79624b364b77d08de","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":216353,"id":"Q216353"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$D9DA2890-B959-4302-80EA-55DAADEAF144","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"10ce3a5d9313b648d3b16631524f630b08f534db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587297,"id":"Q587297"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$FFE0C0C0-28C3-4E43-93E6-51C021B0B247","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688526$56D87A00-9439-4947-8ED8-609953457201","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a53511a466466f5053a6aeecbeb5b899b494c27c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3527986,"id":"Q3527986"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"42ebbbd532f7dbb832f30ecfdcb443d308090d62","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9086734652519226","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688526$D5511B6A-0E34-4019-B900-0F9A48A47D6A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3f5f22d2faec2a221dc57820445deee6a42bb9f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2509232,"id":"Q2509232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d141aeb8b095bd80c326c1c7b699e212c80db21","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8812031745910645","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688526$49B6E9ED-7BA0-468B-8300-7B056C8834F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9ff0612203a43980ac27ea703e7cdb70212e5ec6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5851079,"id":"Q5851079"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0d2b14bb6741b2fa161ff864feb474b94afbf708","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8748165369033813","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688526$B81E2E13-F7CD-4224-9A6A-0AD6935951CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ab373fb4eef1b40c4031326cf178eb8ae79e4de0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1408778,"id":"Q1408778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"57ae6bc26d3c7bee4a6bad79dea34364554f24d5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8741018176078796","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688526$12A3F297-D292-413D-89B3-56FC87224EFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"99d1106a548392cdf8e77403b4513f8f2c5ef1fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5178727,"id":"Q5178727"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"07d26364fb70c7bf0209bf203ad90d30e7f7e443","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8720886707305908","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688526$E0DA7716-CAD3-4537-8C82-C91AD9A2AA9E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Second order duality in multiobjective programming","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Second_order_duality_in_multiobjective_programming"}}}}}