{"entities":{"Q688944":{"pageid":690793,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q688944","lastrevid":47201719,"modified":"2026-01-01T00:01:11Z","type":"item","id":"Q688944","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Chaos, order, and information in the evolution of strings"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 438852"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$2D1166C7-BB4E-4126-A9DE-BA01F4CDF6D7","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"aecf6ca4d9d06e3e23c3bd4e84c472265d037162","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Chaos, order, and information in the evolution of strings","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$0CAD49F3-272E-419A-A191-5DFEA1707027","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c0253effd6c018f66fadb5716d1594e82c63ad85","datavalue":{"value":"0778.92014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$0E86B528-2936-43A8-8399-5CA963A50CA9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"116cdc126344603339cae132d12999c78c7cc8b5","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0096-3003(93)90119-Y","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$EE3991C6-9CF8-4331-9424-04470818EB21","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"74243801ee2c3b07976a7c74e008a1e7a6fd6adb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":668092,"id":"Q668092"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$4BF4C30E-DE26-414B-95F2-641D47C3A22F","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"add6fb6b993c46c88f8cbd1c0026e2e785c9381d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":70476,"id":"Q70476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$9B3E5C69-52E7-419E-BAF0-A01E5901F312","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a69e3f1b2e4fa9f4a5321bc5ed2324e5e54ca132","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-11-09T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$2713363D-1E4E-4C86-9E88-B28D0496FE8E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"33982768bfe8c11c03caa71dd81b0f93eefee008","datavalue":{"value":"We have shown that chaos, order, and information are intimately connected in evolution processes and especially in the evolution of strings. On the one hand, chaos and stochastic processes are the only source of new structures and new information in evolution processes. Therefore, any proper theory of evolution processes must be a stochastic theory. On the other hand, evolution processes are creating ordered structures all over the time: chaos creates cosmos. In this general sense, evolution is playing a game on the border between order and chaos.   As a special example of our general thesis we have considered strings generated by evolutionary processes. We have shown that the entropy per symbol is one possible appropriate quantity for measuring the degree of order in strings. We have checked the hypothesis that strings produced by evolutionary processes are neither periodic nor chaotic but somehow in between. We have given several examples to illustrate this hypothesis: strings produced by evolutionary games, pieces of DNA, and pieces of music and texts. The general conclusion is that such a general statement cannot be proven on the basis of an empirical analysis. For the calculation of entropies, we need infinite chains of letters, notes, etc. Therefore, the available empirical material that is finite must be extended to infinity by using certain hypotheses.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$565026FB-20DB-4069-B046-774147ADF834","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"628b6504534c9c491a1aed9f9fa031e89a793c1f","datavalue":{"value":"92D15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$C370869A-0059-4DBB-A128-16BDC1C5AF4D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c2e18cdef70ef26eaff2eeb771bf8515af6e198b","datavalue":{"value":"438852","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$48299013-D662-4DCD-94ED-2FE8233B7139","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c6a26c619f3c34107172c32ab1d29a17af19378d","datavalue":{"value":"order","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$FA4162BB-C7AC-4606-A0EE-6431CF98EACB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1051f3275efd9dd70f1a974ee0d3cb95be2f5820","datavalue":{"value":"chaos","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$47BBC11B-5832-4A1F-8FE0-7CC0E081C373","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0a84e7851bbfde7825f2a30e6afb99473d2ec7d2","datavalue":{"value":"information","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$9D22D14B-8220-4879-8ACB-6CFCC33D8412","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"23387a21d362f06f419a011c50c8b6702d2d40db","datavalue":{"value":"evolution processes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$A5E26744-243A-4D4E-9471-3ABA4B3B69B8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0093afe85b5e5df49c51bbe0d4f4c35765e288f7","datavalue":{"value":"evolution of strings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$B2AAE348-16CD-4D9E-8495-942971DFA17C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f58d2f387900d082d069aaff7cde9310df9595f2","datavalue":{"value":"cosmos","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$EF564F85-E1D1-4C51-B344-D929814EAA3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1660e92a4625b61e1b3f67e6a51bd7712ff86ed5","datavalue":{"value":"entropy per symbol","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$CFA4FFFE-F3CB-48D4-B5D0-39583A2F2D26","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d148d0676a7809a59fbbeb2b7752cf007e7737e9","datavalue":{"value":"degree of order in strings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$72C91EC8-88F6-4F34-8AA5-DB76F49F08D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"78931cd718109941098d6ddbb162b4ef7b347ee9","datavalue":{"value":"evolutionary games","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$AB345989-DED8-4242-BCD3-B615ABBB6B76","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"763ac5a07119df3c9c0dac445632820073c1bb5d","datavalue":{"value":"DNA","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$E5D58184-DD65-4757-84B7-6DC499A190F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"14b75560f7f6e9d2869e0557fbac6e684117e951","datavalue":{"value":"music","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$B063AAEC-54BC-41D6-875C-354547B7C051","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c70ea25e0d8a6166ff602662374a0e14c6aebcb6","datavalue":{"value":"texts","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$034C49FA-2F16-49BA-BE1B-AAA7B5C7B5D5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$1EF3BAD0-8BB0-495B-9725-CD726B459111","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99ee863de7d6fb175c050f57066b5f1e3dc55251","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3114047,"id":"Q3114047"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$C4FC441A-C71F-4D54-A248-2CA99EC983A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8b64bda2b52c904fd7fb9cc972ee9d6edbf63737","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4001507,"id":"Q4001507"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$A45F8892-FC1B-49F4-AAA5-56DA7F8BB38E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6bce7afab30cd9195675eaed2c7893ad2ebdd026","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3748113,"id":"Q3748113"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$C35B10A6-5428-49A6-A4F9-69EF64E6EACF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dc96ad097634497ddcb7337c7dca262936663891","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1208396,"id":"Q1208396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$BB49AAC2-1E65-4A95-9EEC-FC24C33978AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf4390fbea175a30cd1d3daf81fff409c34114cf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1261724,"id":"Q1261724"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$27D9F0A9-B65F-466C-B741-38764C7D77BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4a35c26d6fe66ef1a0d7601946799ddbec69e8b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4864493,"id":"Q4864493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$34A5ADEA-3C38-43C2-B6BE-CE06D87876CC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a4afb1e19a0351e10d4ff77cf18ec0236a81d936","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1055725,"id":"Q1055725"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$1DEC1BC3-B5E1-44F1-98F5-00357FB284E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"16af945efa9696281ef764e5b8060c4be4a78610","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3796998,"id":"Q3796998"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$5977EBE9-6405-4F54-AF80-FDD986932442","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4728ac0b34cd8f7100c0ba5ead57ec8ee0316964","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3701240,"id":"Q3701240"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$F6512EF9-8B92-43FB-B2F2-18DB65C91B14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b37dee8dcf7c532a59ad85cb23859696d42c3b1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":801840,"id":"Q801840"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$DC624367-6757-4D6A-8335-B828CFC79D4E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2dc28e26a9592442301d93e6f85b7a63ad419f52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1963709,"id":"Q1963709"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$C0B56C79-C25A-496B-AACA-D6B72A0CCB13","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6bf2d8ef535adddf5add090ff02cd16eac7eb0f8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3778696,"id":"Q3778696"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$4BBCF93B-238E-4375-B636-47E9BEA4AC9E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e81781063c3d175b8de9bd53ad8e17c137b45e74","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4138569,"id":"Q4138569"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$FB86C52B-D428-4429-8594-12EA0E987919","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"df02d5be4992f7a99b2ac49e9c6ce35d6d359ac5","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(93)90119-y","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$A9DB4629-F6C3-4FE9-A5EE-0BE423041A46","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"3576dd36a40aedb195ff7c44099a171082d319d6","datavalue":{"value":"W2004236553","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q688944$E72684E4-1F67-4E47-80E8-DE68BE20FCD7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e89bdf8b77064824a6d5ffe477f17c8e8f969b5b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3003864,"id":"Q3003864"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6e2ee9f7db88cf75852788fe5e875ebe04a167e5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7710348963737488","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688944$9938E4B9-FE4C-4696-8043-657A7F3DEF35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f6999a875df82f8a2b4292351af4cfa824edc678","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1261724,"id":"Q1261724"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f074cd1cb8ab65a56586041a65cc501a311e2da6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7154089212417603","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688944$015FB99B-DD3E-4D1A-97BB-205623C637BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"858e7ca52783d1aa3e39cbbb074c7dae601b7d7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2891319,"id":"Q2891319"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b8cd7d08321989cfc622fa89ee5adc78aff93396","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.707181990146637","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688944$2C5E3841-264D-4FB7-8BBC-E1D0E9FF565E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b9d1f3d3b14a6bfee66326afcf9ee64241287277","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1817041,"id":"Q1817041"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d6af876b66213c808deedc772dd0139b5cac532","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7060256600379944","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688944$A81092C4-DBAA-4A9F-AEF2-A9F75C52DF7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7be6e4ac38b63b3dfdf0a20b3550cb86275ed80a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3320266,"id":"Q3320266"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5837e651c3d596017f49730bd31f1cafc9967a26","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.699140191078186","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q688944$FE02CC07-04CB-4BC0-A49F-6EE7C4B85FF5","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:688944","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:688944"}}}}}