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A linear functional \\(\\varphi \\) on \\(\\mathbb{M}_n\\) is said to be positive if \\(\\varphi (A)\\geq 0\\) for all \\(A\\in \\mathbb{M}_n^+\\). For \\(A\\in \\mathbb{M}_n\\), the modulus of \\(A\\) is defined as \\(|A|=\\sqrt {A^*A}\\in \\mathbb{M}_n^+\\). The canonical trace is denoted by tr.\\N\\NThe aim of this paper is to characterize canonical traces on full matrix algebras via\\N\\begin{itemize}\\N\\item [(i)] The implication \\(\\varphi (A)=\\varphi (|A|)\\Rightarrow A\\geq 0\\); or\\N\\item [(ii)] Yang's inequality \\(\\varphi (A^{1/2}BA^{1/2})^{1/2}\\leq \\varphi (A+B)/2\\) for any \\(A, B\\in\\mathbb{M}_n^+\\).\\N\\end{itemize}\\N\\NThe following characterizations are obtained.\\N\\begin{itemize}\\N\\N\\item  Let \\(\\varphi \\) be a nonzero positive linear functional on \\(\\mathbb{M}_n\\) such that \\[\\varphi (A)=\\varphi (|A|)\\Rightarrow A\\geq 0 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\textrm { for every nonsigular } A\\in \\mathbb{M}_n.\\] Then \\(\\varphi =k\\,\\textrm{tr}\\) for some \\(k>0\\).\\N\\N\\item  For a positive linear functional \\(\\varphi \\) on \\(\\mathbb{M}_n\\) with \\(\\varphi (I)=n\\), the following conditions are equivalent:\\N\\N(i) \\(\\varphi =\\textrm{tr}\\);\\N\\N(ii) \\(\\varphi (A^{1/2}BA^{1/2})^{1/2}\\leq \\varphi 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