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Fundamental algebras first appeared, somewhat implicitly, in the pioneering works of \\textit{A. R. Kemer} and \\textit{B. Silver} (ed.) [Ideals of identities of associative algebras. Transl. from the Russian by C. W. Kohls. Transl. ed. by Ben Silver. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (1991; Zbl 0732.16001)], in the setting of ordinary PI algebras. The fundamental algebras are a kind of building blocks in the structure theory of PI algebras: they are finite dimensional, and if \\(A\\) is a finite dimensional algebra then it satisfies the same identities as an appropriate finite direct sum of fundamental algebras. Fundamental algebras are defined in terms of their Wedderburn-Malcev decomposition, and of the validity of certain alternating polynomial identities. Their complete description, although of great importance, is not yet known. The bulk of the known examples comes from simple algebras and from block triangular matrix algebras.\\N\\NIn the present paper the authors start developing the theory of fundamental algebras in the involution case. It is interesting to note that obviously if \\(A\\) has an involution \\(*\\) and if \\(A\\) is fundamental (as an algebra without involution) then \\(A\\) will be \\(*\\)-fundamental as well. The opposite does not hold, as the authors provide examples of such algebras. Block-triangular matrices with and without involution attracted interest as they give examples of varieties of algebras with extremal growth of their codimension sequences. It is not an exception in the involution case that these algebras also appear in the class of \\(*\\)-fundamental algebras. Note that the blocks on the main diagonal must be \\(*\\)-simple algebras. Another class of \\(*\\)-fundamental algebras is obtained from the above block-triangular matrices, by ``identifying'' in a sense some of their simple components. The authors give a precise description of such identifications that result in fundamental algebras. Finally they describe the \\(*\\)-fundamental algebras whose semisimple part (in the Wedderburn-Malcev decomposition) is 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