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J. Hoffman}'s theorem [Lect. Notes Math. None, 165--172 (1972; Zbl 0297.15016)].\\N\\NThe paper begins by outlining the historical origins of the Hoffman program, which seeks to (i) determine all possible limit points (\\(M\\)-limit points) of the spectral radii of graphs associated with a given matrix \\(M\\), and (ii) characterize all connected graphs whose \\(M\\)-spectral radius does not exceed a fixed limit point. The authors review known results for classical graph matrices -- the adjacency (\\(A\\)), Laplacian (\\(L\\)) and signless Laplacian (\\(Q\\)) matrices -- before extending the discussion to more recent algebraic structures such as Hermitian adjacency matrices of mixed graphs, signed adjacency matrices, skew-adjacency matrices of oriented graphs, and adjacency tensors of uniform hypergraphs. The main contribution lies in their analysis of the \\(A_\\alpha\\)-matrix, a convex combination of the degree and adjacency matrices introduced by \\textit{V. Nikiforov} [Appl. Anal. Discrete Math. 11, No. 1, 81--107 (2017; Zbl 1499.05384)], where they derive new expressions for characteristic polynomials of paths and related graphs and study the limiting behavior of the \\(A_\\alpha\\)-spectral radius for graph sequences. These efforts culminate in generalized Hoffman theorems that characterize all limit points below a certain value \\(\\Psi(\\alpha)\\), unifying earlier results by recovering Hoffman's theorem for \\(A\\) (\\(\\alpha=0\\)) and analogous theorems for \\(L\\) and \\(Q\\) (\\(\\alpha=1/2\\)). The use of \\texttt{Mathematica} for symbolic computation is reported as crucial to obtaining closed-form expressions, and the paper closes with open problems and conjectures, offering clear directions for future work.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$F880FC39-956A-47AD-832A-FDB4A4B00803","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"595aa5f673b53fe979cc9a1127351ad0a80b8fa4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2091201,"id":"Q2091201"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$33B49543-2B41-4928-872F-FF656B9DBBDE","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"898109ac7e401de8fce76101fe27418b7afd5158","datavalue":{"value":"05C50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$B8243786-9060-4F98-B27C-F6833B4FBDBB","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"43da21a39ebb599835f1704f1fc6b10204ee54b1","datavalue":{"value":"8060217","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$462FEC74-FAD3-4B77-8E72-66D63167FF39","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5b009faaffc8a8c426743054065b6952bb623f4e","datavalue":{"value":"spectral radius","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$0662EA63-106B-4925-B081-F94465A6F544","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8e2ed27d2eb3819d586d5a6b696c8d521d9f5ed5","datavalue":{"value":"limit point","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$87ED624D-DD1F-4B77-B5D6-2671FC0EB010","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3e0627ae05d6200b28292c3a4d6bccd1309ff6fd","datavalue":{"value":"\\(A_\\alpha\\)-matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$9CDF90F9-2C0A-4997-B158-AB2F132E4C2D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q6963385$5F4B0F72-A27C-4A5F-B259-2FECC7227F13","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Developments on the Hoffman program of graphs","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Developments_on_the_Hoffman_program_of_graphs"}}}}}