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We denote by \\(v_p(k)\\) the \\(p\\)-adic valuation of \\(k\\). Define\\N\\[\\N\\varepsilon(k) = \\begin{cases} 2, & \\text{if \\(k\\) is even},\\\\\\N1, & \\text{if \\(k\\) is odd}. \\end{cases}\\N\\]\\NSet\\N\\[\\NR(k) = 2^{v_2(k) + \\varepsilon(k)} \\cdot \\prod_{\\substack{p\\ \\text{odd}\\\\\\N(p-1)\\mid k}} p^{v_p(k) + 1}.\\N\\]\\NAs usual, let \\(\\omega(k)\\) denote the number of distinct prime divisors of \\(k\\). Define \\(C(k)\\) by\\N\\[\\NC(k) = \\begin{cases} \\lfloor k^2/2 \\rfloor, & \\text{if \\(k \\neq 4\\)},\\\\\\N7, & \\text{if \\(k = 4\\)}. \\end{cases}\\N\\]\\NThe main result of the paper reads:\\N\\NTheorem. Let \\(s, k\\) be positive integers with \\(k > 1\\), and suppose that\\N\\[\\Ns > \\max\\bigl(16k\\,\\omega(k) + 4k + 3,\\ 2C(k)\\bigr).\\N\\]\\NLet \\(\\delta > \\tfrac{1}{2}\\). Then, for every sufficiently large positive integer \\(n\\) satisfying\\N\\[\\Nn \\equiv s \\pmod{R(k)},\\N\\]\\Nthere exist prime numbers \\(p_1, \\ldots, p_s\\) belonging to a subset \\(S\\) of the primes such that\\N\\[\\Nn = p_1^k + \\cdots + p_s^k.\\N\\]\\NThe subset \\(S\\) satisfies\\N\\[\\N|S \\cap [1, x]| = (1 + o(1))\\,\\frac{\\delta x}{\\log x}\\N\\]\\Nas \\(x \\to 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