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Denote by \\(\\rho\\) the largest integer such that there exists a Galois extension \\(L/k\\) whose Galois group is pro-\\(p\\)-free of rank \\(\\rho\\). It is not hard to see that such an extension is unramified outside \\(p\\)-adic primes. Accordingly, if \\(k\\) satisfies Leopoldt's conjecture at the prime \\(p\\) (i.e. the number of independent \\({\\mathbb Z}_p\\)-extensions of \\(k\\) is equal to \\(1+r_2\\)), then the rank \\(\\rho\\) is bounded, under this conjecture, by \\(1+r_2\\), where \\(r_2\\) is the number of complex places of \\(k\\).    Let \\(k_{S_p}\\) be the maximal pro-\\(p\\) extension of \\(k\\), unramified outside \\(p\\)-adic primes. The number field \\(k\\) is called \\(p\\)-rational if the Galois group \\(G(k_{S_p}/k)\\) is pro-p-free of rank \\(1+r_2\\) [\\textit{A. Movahhedi} and \\textit{T. Nguyen Quang Do}, Prog. Math. 81, 155-200 (1990; Zbl 0703.11059)]. For instance, cyclotomic fields \\({\\mathbb Q}(\\mu_{p^n})\\) are \\(p\\)-rationals if and only if \\(p\\) is a regular prime. Thus \\(p\\)-rational fields provide us with number fields for which the equality \\(\\rho=1+r_2\\) holds. Conversely, under standard conjectures of Iwasawa theory, it has been established that \\(p\\)-rational number fields are the only fields for which the equality \\(1+r_2=\\rho\\) holds [\\textit{A. Lannuzel} and \\textit{T. Nguyen Quang Do}, Manuscr. Math. 102, 187-209 (2000; Zbl 0983.11063)]. At the same time, there exist examples for which \\(\\rho<1+r_2\\) [\\textit{M. Yamagishi}, J. Th\u00e9or. Nombres Bordx. 5, 165-178 (1993; Zbl 0784.11052)].    This paper focuses on the difference \\(1+r_2-\\rho\\), which is expressed therein in terms of various standard Iwasawa modules. There is also a local-global formula as follows: for a \\(p\\)-adic prime \\(v\\) of \\(k\\), fix a prime \\(w\\) of \\(L\\) above \\(v\\) and denote by \\(F_v\\) the decomposition group of \\(L/k\\) at \\(w\\). Denote by \\(\\rho_v\\) the rank of the free pro-\\(p\\)-group \\(F_v\\). Assume that \\(L\\) contains all \\(p\\)-primary roots of unity. Then, under Leopoldt's conjecture, the author also expresses the difference \\(1+r_2-\\rho - \\sum_{v\\mid p} (n_v/2+1-\\rho_v)\\) as the dimension, over the finite field \\({\\mathbb F}_p\\), of some Galois cohomology group. Here \\(n_v\\) is the degree of the local extension \\(k_v/{\\mathbb Q}_p\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q699478$3D2497EC-4F4B-40BD-BCAF-E813A0BA70FB","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"b68554f3b5050fb4111bfe185f2bfbfbf4c5e6a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":533677,"id":"Q533677"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q699478$01381058-CAD0-4C1D-8500-62493C27D576","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4991d60e07c8d9a9bf6ca12e61e8f2f85c1f64c7","datavalue":{"value":"11R23","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q699478$70535B85-6968-469A-87EB-76863596DF51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5da175760837221b1255b8d6d71ae4d17a89f801","datavalue":{"value":"11R32","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q699478$53CF9139-B823-45B3-94C6-89F3587DAD13","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6c8c38e3821711a95703abcc2630cc0d5683ad9a","datavalue":{"value":"11R34","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q699478$0E5BF5A0-0308-4A24-AB76-C420F44AF916","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"fa0fa64b385e897bc1b91438dc688bc37f0bafef","datavalue":{"value":"1805806","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q699478$0D4D9A55-0120-4FDA-98EF-3BB948545BBC","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f770537391d13548240d9c83f54fae9211f47106","datavalue":{"value":"pro-\\(p\\)-free 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