{"entities":{"Q7028813":{"pageid":21675771,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q7028813","lastrevid":77535263,"modified":"2026-05-04T22:56:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q7028813","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On differences of two harmonic numbers"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7983194"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$BED8623C-E555-4A7E-B122-DBD4D76FBEED","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"61ae8367e9b2704184fa15bb6c49bd05bd4d2011","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On differences of two harmonic numbers","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$D8EF311E-D8D7-43AA-B0B3-22FCF47170DE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"418a4cd63e0d068a18918de5c77b8e4d126d0aa6","datavalue":{"value":"1560.11039","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$AED8A17F-3616-4FF7-9E45-A8BC23CF1FCD","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"160f21b3f81fcdb2ca31d9b783ba2b58f7aaa623","datavalue":{"value":"10.1112/MTK.70009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$E5281F43-447A-4E1D-9E98-405512891676","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fa8e81abae255d9c1d93daed5fbc5af0b82c09de","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6064909,"id":"Q6064909"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$88F89B2B-C3F0-4745-91DC-A65821C94197","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"edc3d03bb92bbc01a7a770699eb02d98a7be7f26","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":247402,"id":"Q247402"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$92FCCEF9-01B3-491F-8446-78C8EBA280C7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"339026d43fac997dddeec93b4b99c7491af92082","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2810726,"id":"Q2810726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$596F32A2-13E6-405A-ABEC-FEE84FF4BCF1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"686e65c63e3072cb28717a83485ef3e9e30a1f11","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$B9A7A31C-1536-4C4A-93E8-EBD4D0483956","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5ec9ca063d9a1df2b39707bf5f92eb66bedb8747","datavalue":{"value":"\\textit{P. Erd\u0151s} and \\textit{R. L. Graham} [Old and new problems and results in combinatorial number theory. L'Enseignement Math\u00e9matique, Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve, Gen\u00e8ve (1980; Zbl 0434.10001)] raised the following question concerning randomness in the harmonic numbers. Writing \\(t=t(n)\\) for the least integer with \\(\\displaystyle\\varepsilon_n=\\sum_{k=n}^t\\frac{1}{k}-1\\ge 0\\) we have \\(t=\\bigl(\\mathrm{e}+o(1)\\bigr)n\\) and when \\(\\displaystyle\\sum_{k=n}^t\\frac{1}{k}\\) exceeds \\(1\\) it does so by no more than \\(\\bigl(1/\\mathrm{e}+o(1)\\bigr)/n\\). There being no reason to imagine that this does not behave like a uniformly distributed random variable in the range \\([0,1/(\\mathrm{e}n)]\\), Erd\u0151s and Graham asked the following: `How small can \\(\\varepsilon_n\\) be? As far as we know this has not been looked at. It should be true that \\(\\displaystyle \\liminf_{n\\to\\infty}n^2\\varepsilon_n=0\\) but perhaps \\(n^{2+\\delta}\\varepsilon_n\\to\\infty\\) as \\(n\\to\\infty\\) for every \\(\\delta>0\\). \\N\\NThe first result proved here -- using elementary but ingenious arguments starting from the continued fraction expansion of \\(\\mathrm{e}\\) -- shows that there is a constant \\(C>0\\) for which there are infinitely many pairs \\((m,n)\\in\\mathbb{N}^2\\) (constructed in concrete terms) with \\(\\displaystyle 1\\le \\sum_{\\ell=n}^{m}\\frac{1}{\\ell} \\le 1+\\frac{C\\log\\log n}{n^2\\log n}\\), resolving the first question. By leveraging much deeper techniques due to \\textit{I. Danicic} [Mathematika 5, 30--37 (1958; Zbl 0085.03304)], \\textit{G. Harman} [Glasg. Math. J. 38, No. 3, 299--308 (1996; Zbl 0885.11046)], \\textit{H. Heilbronn} [Q. J. Math., Oxf. Ser. 19, 249--256 (1948; Zbl 0031.20502)], \\textit{C. Hooley} [Glasg. Math. J. 32, No. 3, 309--316 (1990; Zbl 0715.11033)], \\textit{A. Zaharescu} [Invent. Math. 121, No. 2, 379--388 (1995; Zbl 0827.11040)] aimed at understanding how well real numbers can be approximated by rationals with square denominator a considerably more refined result is proved, showing that for any \\(\\varepsilon>0\\) there are infinitely many pairs \\((m,n)\\in\\mathbb{N}^2\\) with \\(\\displaystyle\\bigl\\vert\\sum_{\\ell=n}^{m}\\frac{1}{\\ell}-1\\bigr\\vert \\le \\frac{1}{n^2(\\log n)^{(5/4)-\\varepsilon}}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$692A066C-9167-4DD0-9ECF-BDC329B74E00","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1f527af6021fa2abbecdfd313d9268f87b4cbc0f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":241587,"id":"Q241587"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$83F4C97E-E5B3-4EAA-89B5-57E0FFE1EF41","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"83f071a227a82a2fbae9e00865d40aae78fee790","datavalue":{"value":"11D45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$CDA8AF3F-23EE-48F4-8738-6A3623563B2E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e3a467be0e265e36efec86b151873df248580553","datavalue":{"value":"11J54","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$BC4DEEEE-8378-4BBB-BFCE-2F0835824E7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5648d57cf9b82b961864414b7326649c4d02c6a2","datavalue":{"value":"11J70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$7882E7AE-69FC-4A6F-A696-BE994CC0A5E3","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c46b228404915644fbf753870707c1d69e4dc9bf","datavalue":{"value":"7983194","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$F3565ABD-EE9E-4EF9-9788-D2C87D2FEA7F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"23baa929e285ae73d0a1aca3a8a182f9a75992cd","datavalue":{"value":"Diophantine approximation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$7B6B3509-FBB0-46CE-827D-8E2A9E240B46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"89a07e3aac5f7e2157c8b5ef8901fcc4dca42d4a","datavalue":{"value":"harmonic number","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$456A0159-9857-4DF9-A2B1-7913BCCD2165","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$23791592-6526-42F6-AE71-FA2673986F4E","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2a14f55135df4102bd83955dd5bf6b590e8c5d21","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3720674,"id":"Q3720674"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$74BF77C0-574D-4491-98D7-15AAB00641A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"de7f2978e616082809143f892b7d3dc659afe7b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4829657,"id":"Q4829657"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$D6FC9435-20D6-46BB-9D05-ECA62689A5A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"95992a4057eb4024ea3b3c056d60fb134f48e2e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4908575,"id":"Q4908575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$690367D3-8FB8-4D98-B05C-266D2868C4B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2a7c8501b6dd5f81199a91cce2885d95f3697275","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3254395,"id":"Q3254395"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$91DCE7A7-B20C-4C45-99E4-C2A50A17BFDE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4cbc539f7088d0c8b36a19f5163b0e7beae42b89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3872528,"id":"Q3872528"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$9C1E6C7D-5288-40DF-9252-C588D7A6DF82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3b45a78b05ba21a09c8016aa0388bb5de44e5a20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5838736,"id":"Q5838736"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$5B00B014-1C9C-45FB-AD08-113A988BB8C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28c18ad41f620f28a60d95cc656c4966789e9cc7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5840314,"id":"Q5840314"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$62DC0191-5FB3-4209-9711-E2B1289F9916","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9073e2a5862e90c614c8e84cad72c46ceff21ca5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4365265,"id":"Q4365265"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$F341084B-16A1-4756-969A-2E50DBC0AD88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"10646e4d87c90b28d3f948cf2253d797426e09e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5787778,"id":"Q5787778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$FE4CFC2C-0FB7-4010-B49A-E7961537DEB2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cd064073565f1644a5ca59654069d8932efa6ca4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3202182,"id":"Q3202182"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$3EDF1B4C-B018-401D-8D67-E06331EC73C3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"13136a508cff3936d15034e994b0b4006f522786","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5364978,"id":"Q5364978"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$1DA6ADA0-C489-49C7-8211-6FD584B27529","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bacc56c80feb244dd67febe2ff443d8f4cda45a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4315110,"id":"Q4315110"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$32AE562D-C622-426D-8B11-1395A910D820","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"598294e86a812f8b7c45814184905d7099774f89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1449908,"id":"Q1449908"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$EFEEB259-1A48-430E-8E86-2AC5EBF031F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e68e05327d678f31606dbf4f2a2df0d2cd079fdc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5623732,"id":"Q5623732"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$1A65EFB0-3B08-4E7C-9ABC-26C2EEB205E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"57376dea24a5f5ed6f796cd044aeef40208da9b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5440758,"id":"Q5440758"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$ECE0150E-3602-4F21-8AE8-E1603A7CEDD1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7bd5e8b9812f01a18bee405ca8ea840354db02c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5403097,"id":"Q5403097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$72CF9682-1540-4D31-BFDD-2C0B0C7D6B10","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b13ddaf37c4976a6978b5e945be67540543e1865","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1473173,"id":"Q1473173"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$30BFB4AC-A1D8-4F99-9C79-2C9B7E01F6A4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3217e6f732e8131d89097e9e539f7f1b8afd6bf8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3465432,"id":"Q3465432"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$82B6752E-3A13-4427-A1C3-40B959939D7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9239ba443a47eec792b0e8ffacaa0194695f73c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1899739,"id":"Q1899739"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q7028813$6B394B86-B9D7-4F47-989F-0E17B4FCE197","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On differences of two harmonic numbers","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_differences_of_two_harmonic_numbers"}}}}}