{"entities":{"Q707502":{"pageid":709351,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q707502","lastrevid":63781734,"modified":"2026-04-11T15:30:21Z","type":"item","id":"Q707502","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A direct proof of the Nekhoroshev theorem for nearly integrable symplectic maps"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2133169"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q707502$F4DA8061-B4F5-4D40-A013-93A47AF78934","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2903d16b464f450d8e9915bc2aee83a3c7f0587e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A direct proof of the Nekhoroshev theorem for nearly integrable symplectic maps","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q707502$8ADFECD2-C66A-4680-A69D-5014710E1E82","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"6fcec14345c5ba6e3aa6c38a4aa4ad9cf5df50e7","datavalue":{"value":"1162.70321","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q707502$8665C83A-7789-4B5A-AB52-3551299484C4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"10c6de6a10c03c5a2537356e75f97f04a6080c3c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166925,"id":"Q166925"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q707502$D3CB4D19-116A-45D6-BDB0-1781ADC9922E","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0bb430d98445fad0c07a301b258c507df3dbc1f9","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-02-09T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q707502$8BCE99B3-D593-45B7-B6AF-6DA5DF150828","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7711ebba7ab074400815aa7ff90758ccda5a7f25","datavalue":{"value":"The renowned Nekhoroshev stability theorem [\\textit{N. N. Nekhoroshev}, Russ. Math. Surv. 32, 1--65 (1977; Zbl 0389.70028)] for nearly integrable hamiltonian flows provides conditions under which the motions of an integrable hamiltonian system and those of the same system subject to a perturbation of norm \\(\\varepsilon \\) remain close for a time of order \\(t \\simeq 1/ \\varepsilon^k\\).  A corresponding result, under conditions which extend naturally those holding for flows, was conjectured by Nekhoroshev [loc. cit.] for nearly integrable sysmplectic maps. Such a result was then proved by \\textit{S. Kuksin} [Russ. J. Math. Phys. 1, 191--207 (1993; Zbl 0931.37030)] by constructing a nearly integrable (non autonomous) hamiltonian flow which interpolates the map.  This paper provides a direct proof of Nekhoroshev theorem for maps, without resorting to auxiliary continuous flows.  Consider a \\(2n\\) dimensional symplectic manifold \\(M\\) and the symplectic map \\(\\mu : M_0 \\to M\\) generated by the function \\(S(I,\\phi) := I \\cdot \\phi + h (I) + \\varepsilon f (I,\\phi) \\) and defined on a neighbourhood \\(M_0\\) of the origin, \\(M_0 = B \\times {\\mathbb T}^n\\). This corresponds to the map \\(\\mu : (I,\\phi) \\mapsto (\\widehat{I} , \\widehat{\\phi} ) \\), defined for \\(I \\in B \\subset {\\mathbb R}^n\\), with  \\[  I \\;= \\;\\widehat{I} \\, + \\, \\varepsilon {\\partial f \\over \\partial \\phi } (\\widehat{I} , \\phi ) \\;\\;; \\;\\;\\widehat{\\phi } \\;= \\;\\phi \\, + \\, {\\partial h \\over \\partial I} (\\widehat{I}) \\, + \\, \\varepsilon {\\partial f \\over \\partial I } (\\widehat{I} , \\phi ) \\;.  \\]  Write \\(\\widetilde{B} (a,d,\\epsilon) := \\{ I \\in B \\;: \\;\\text{ dist} (I,\\partial B) > 2 d \\epsilon^a \\}\\). Then the following is the main result of the paper.  Theorem. Write \\((I(k),\\phi(k)) := \\mu^k (I(0),\\phi (0))\\). If \\(h\\) is convex, then there exist positive constants \\(\\epsilon_0, a, b , k_0 , d_0\\) such that for any \\(\\varepsilon < \\epsilon_0\\) and for any \\(I(0), \\phi(0) \\in [\\widetilde{B} (a,d_0 , \\epsilon_0 )] \\times {\\mathbb T}^n \\), and for any \\(k \\in {\\mathbb Z}\\) satisfying \\( | k| \\leq k_0 \\exp [ (\\epsilon_0 / \\varepsilon )^b ] \\), it results \\(| I(k) - I(0) | \\leq d_0 \\varepsilon^a\\).  This theorem differs from the result conjectured by Nekhoroshev in that convexity of \\(h\\) is assumed (as opposed to \\(p\\)-steepness; convex functions are also \\(p\\)-steep and provide a significant class of Nekhoroshev stable Hamiltonians, see [\\textit{G. Benettin, L. Galgani} and \\textit{A. Giorgilli}, Celest. Mech. 37, 1--25 (1985; Zbl 0602.58022)]). It is observed in the paper that the result also extends to the \\(p\\)-steep case, but cannot be extended to the case where \\(h\\) is quasi-convex, as shown by the case \\(S(I,\\phi) = I \\phi + 2 \\pi I + \\varepsilon \\cos (\\phi )\\).  The author presents a discussion of differences of his results and Kuksin's result, pointing out advantages and disadvantages -- in particular, for what concerns estimates of the limiting parameters -- in the two approaches.  The proof is based on a lemma of indipendent interest concerning the normalization (in the sense of Poincar\u00e9-Birkhoff normal forms) of a symplectic map. Consider a near-identity symplectic map \\(\\sigma : (I,\\phi) \\mapsto (I'\\phi')\\) with generator \\(\\Sigma (I,\\phi) = I \\cdot \\phi + \\varepsilon \\chi (I,\\phi)\\); this is defined by  \\[  I \\;= \\;I' \\, + \\, \\varepsilon {\\partial \\chi \\over \\partial \\phi } (I' , \\phi ) \\;\\;; \\;\\;\\phi' \\;= \\;\\phi \\, + \\, \\varepsilon {\\partial \\chi \\over \\partial I } (I' , \\phi ) \\;.  \\]  Under this, the symplectic map \\(\\mu\\) is mapped to a symplectic map \\(\\mu' := \\sigma^{-1} \\circ \\mu \\circ \\sigma \\); this will correspond to a generating function \\(S' (I,\\phi) := I \\cdot \\phi + h (I) + \\varepsilon f' (I,\\phi) \\). Then Guzzo proves that:  Lemma. Let \\(S,\\chi,\\mu\\) and \\(\\sigma\\) be as above; let \\(\\chi\\) be defined and analytic in \\(B \\times {\\mathbb T}^n\\). For small \\(\\varepsilon\\), it results \\( S' (I,\\phi) = I \\cdot \\phi + h (I) + \\varepsilon f (I,\\phi) + \\varepsilon [ \\chi (I,\\phi ) - \\chi ( I,\\phi + \\omega (I) )] + \\varepsilon^2 R (I,\\phi ) \\); where \\(\\omega (I) := (\\partial h / \\partial I) (I) \\) and the remainder \\(R (I,\\phi)\\) is real analytic and uniformly bounded in \\(\\varepsilon\\) in the domain \\(B \\times {\\mathbb 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