{"entities":{"Q715185":{"pageid":717034,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q715185","lastrevid":63769071,"modified":"2026-04-11T15:25:05Z","type":"item","id":"Q715185","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Rigidity of manifolds with Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci curvature bounded below"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6101479"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$FFF96F0D-63E5-40A9-85AE-0C7050D41EA0","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"096738017b459d87ac45797f5da62ee9f7156100","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Rigidity of manifolds with Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci curvature bounded below","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$9FAE6EEB-A56D-4CFE-BA95-20F80E90081B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"fb9c55971be146fb25c29668cebd05694c6588f4","datavalue":{"value":"1257.53064","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$0372E092-4895-494E-A04A-687440EE5DE7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7f927fe16591d4a7f649c0ab2c959adeee986d9d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":715184,"id":"Q715184"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$5398B1F9-F77D-4807-A606-78D3F42EFF6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6e05a374f9df85576d4d42a3ea27082a3125acf1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":262211,"id":"Q262211"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$E5C82C86-F173-4FD8-A5E3-09D77F9777C6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7b27d55f344dc6bfd48e3ff9582c04d67175a8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181320,"id":"Q181320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$7F772F4C-79B4-4CD7-977E-F892FF841117","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"8bf69277b7716ce58c94d2517a81ceba3b8d07db","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2012-11-02T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$54938041-AA35-4ED1-B429-A6A8022024F0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a19cf09eaad141fec527a1982292912af95ebe01","datavalue":{"value":"The authors solve a rigidity spectral problem on the bottom of the spectrum of the diffusion operator \\(\\Delta_f\\) raised by \\textit{L.-F. Wang} [Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 37, No. 4, 393--402 (2010; Zbl 1190.53034)] and \\textit{J.-Y. Wu} [J. Math. Anal. Appl 361, No. 1, 10--18 (2010; Zbl 1183.58028)] on a metric measure space \\((M,g, e^{-f}d\\mathrm{vol}_g)\\) with \\(m\\)-dimensional Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci curvature \\(\\operatorname{Ric}_f\\) bounded from below by \\(-(m-1)\\), i.e.,  \\[ \\operatorname{Ric}_f^m(M)=\\operatorname{Ric}_f(M) -\\frac{1}{m-n}(\\nabla f\\otimes \\nabla f)\\geq -(m-1)g, \\]  where \\(m>n=\\dim (M)\\) and \\(\\operatorname{Ric}_f(M)=Ric(M)+\\operatorname{Hess} f\\) is the Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci curvature tensor.  The proof follows a path similar to the one given by \\textit{P. Li} and \\textit{J. Wang} [J. Differ. Geom. 62, No. 1, 143--162 (2002; Zbl 1073.58023)].  Assuming \\(\\lambda_1(M)\\) attains its maximum possible value \\(\\lambda_1(M)= \\frac{(m-1)^2}{4}\\) the authors prove that either (1) \\(M\\) has only one end or (2) \\(M\\) splits as a product \\(M=\\mathbb{R}\\times N\\) with a warped product metric \\(ds^2_M=dt^2+ e^{-2t}ds^2_N\\), where \\(N\\) is compact with nonegative Ricci curvature and \\(\\nabla_{\\partial_t}f=m-n\\).  Using a volume comparison result for geodesic balls, they also prove that if a lower bound is given for the Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci curvature tensor instead the \\(m\\)-dimensional one, namely, if \\(\\operatorname{Ric}_f(M)\\geq -(n-1)\\) and \\(|\\nabla f|\\) is bounded from above by a constant \\(A>0\\), then \\(\\lambda_1(M)\\leq (n-1+A)^2/4\\). Furthermore, the equality holds if Condition (1) holds or Condition (2) holds with \\(f=At\\).  In case of equality, the proof of both results consists on deriving first an improved Bochner-type inequality for \\(|\\nabla u| \\Delta_f(|\\nabla u|)\\) or for \\(\\Delta_f(|\\nabla u|^{b})\\), where \\(b\\) is a convenient positive constant and \\(u\\) is an \\(f\\)-harmonic function, involving the bounds of the Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci tensor and of \\(|\\nabla f|\\).  A natural notion of \\(f\\)-nonparabolic end is given using bounded \\(f\\)-harmonic maps. Assuming \\(M\\) has at least two ends, they first conclude \\(M\\) has at least one \\(f\\)-parabolic end. Using a Busemann function with respect to a geodesic ray that goes to infinity at a parabolic end, they derive (2).  The assumption on boundedness of \\(|\\nabla f|\\) is shown to be necessary in the second result, i.e., under the lower bound condition for \\(\\operatorname{Ric}_f(M)\\), by giving an example with \\(|\\nabla f|\\) and \\(\\lambda_1\\) both unbounded.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$23A4E217-CCBF-42F1-8638-58A08932B818","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"789ea1550288f7c0c5ed1aaf888df3f888a56054","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":471097,"id":"Q471097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$9F10FA0F-606F-4B8D-83E6-4FBEC48965CA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"16c42410e4929b32dd003abf1e6f683e8e5409b9","datavalue":{"value":"53C24","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$20DC786D-AFF9-4AF9-BF72-D504A3F6E44F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ac5363adcb936e5da736a8382ff776775f1e7e29","datavalue":{"value":"58J50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$FF157685-9FAC-4AC2-BE05-31D095E68F6A","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a9284d1cab70a50887894f15e5c3c070b2563e26","datavalue":{"value":"6101479","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$57678BBC-176E-45DC-A489-F3BD1E7471FF","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"89af7391865bcbf7933b7a22204ef18b7512c126","datavalue":{"value":"Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci curvature","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$CF149772-97F4-4086-8186-CFCD0852C581","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"17484c65e4462eed7bf96bf59c137b06c394cd24","datavalue":{"value":"splitting type theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$1C4DC5D3-8493-4DF7-A7C7-9C9D299EAD75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f499971506bb7d13eebf3a41582911b6f7a30bdf","datavalue":{"value":"spectrum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$30585EC8-F344-41D1-82B2-F57F856A8E5E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$B3FCF517-3D63-4D78-942A-A8A0D503741B","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"065457c4e813dd80ee2db0ed686d4a40a37921ef","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10711-011-9685-x","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$9799B3BA-BF81-471B-8BD9-4A39F6DEB03B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"270216af366406b5cd6d419139f0e21bd0fb4246","datavalue":{"value":"W2170148207","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$515C6CBB-8125-492E-87A1-AB571D0D4545","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"83041c83d8ee6b47ee2db920fb2a528eb3cf23e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3392348,"id":"Q3392348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$9440EC32-4F44-4C1D-9DC1-8FAAF4A4DBA5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"088432e3118922c5324e3c4215fc4ed94327b061","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1590969,"id":"Q1590969"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$9B923BEA-2297-4F61-BF3D-91C2BADD55B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d7532a9e7adedfaf598b497dec260a3811825d92","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1227183,"id":"Q1227183"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$8FEF29C1-0657-455B-8AB7-C64F5B994D45","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3becaa33c9700c640f0c947f8b86316a0be1e518","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1609835,"id":"Q1609835"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$E9CECDA4-57A1-464E-98A3-C1A77632F161","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6a2255a120c264b877fcf83b26c5ff3637eb3c35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1777984,"id":"Q1777984"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$5EAE80A0-0999-408D-AC14-752922DD9C05","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7f6e1f7e4d6b645ad9d3a15339edde3edbfaa60e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3395147,"id":"Q3395147"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$25B23D48-3570-41BC-A247-92C8B931EDEE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"005764eb87973b49db027b531b2d670064703a47","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2581334,"id":"Q2581334"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$277BFDB8-1091-47B3-A808-12B51C7BBF35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"46bf5378f4c29bd586501e2a715c78d4c6964dc0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":880123,"id":"Q880123"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$4F74BE28-ABBD-462D-8B53-7F34D4117FA4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f80d9a7285ee28195769396950ee7e13e466c07f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":429572,"id":"Q429572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$DDFA8D5C-0376-434E-9237-3A556470DF63","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b775b986d417aa4aed5b4c99d5a2e31337452108","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4310773,"id":"Q4310773"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$E27D2524-4C63-41E9-A4E9-992D40CA80DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d4f6953d503eed09803d77550fe39917fe4af508","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2500467,"id":"Q2500467"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$05C12943-475B-46D3-BF51-F24D48AB2FD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c6b365d8e0c11479e832118e61d9b37182e82f40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":963264,"id":"Q963264"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$DF390B32-BFA4-45C1-B141-3EBE0511A9A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b2282817f41c8b8341c3c9693b0c31a58a1e8d78","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":847624,"id":"Q847624"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$C8755388-0404-456F-A030-6AD180F61641","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cc979b60235b243119d2166e03274450cdda1b70","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1036151,"id":"Q1036151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$C601B459-4B7B-43AC-97C0-6936E97A9030","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"b335d1dc8a8db40a99726caa683a978945f2861a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10711-011-9685-X","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q715185$7CCBE71A-A420-4B7C-A72E-33BE7A842E66","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2143d3875b9c221259356f5ffbcbfe9017d3fb93","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2418802,"id":"Q2418802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9bf2630a15bede40848d313e66c8183450950eab","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8449194431304932","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q715185$9BE36A74-1242-4CFF-AF67-7C77ECEE4687","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"69f20e5a6f081e042e323396a1861d645995be16","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":389353,"id":"Q389353"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"163296f28ee7202bd634c84c27fcb84067380338","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8096849322319031","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q715185$D35DFFF6-F659-4B7E-AE0B-66AF5B46F336","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cf50d171a9ad08660b13c370b4c0e900bbd09e69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2256841,"id":"Q2256841"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5244e0b12f9f0d1191c0ecb73623e72c5841969c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8073676228523254","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q715185$7A5611B7-EF6E-4D0F-B87A-51F2B4DCAE7A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6a5c2ece9acb67d1b577ba46227708d829c19338","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":453169,"id":"Q453169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"43af264affee9486a6058966ad906207ce0e44d1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8073522448539734","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q715185$DFD2714F-EF45-4FC4-80FD-A8F45DCD2F5E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aeb9106e552ae07543f2e5e3a8f5cf79b882b9ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3447497,"id":"Q3447497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8e05ea8ecf9cdc14f49617ed74550e1a937a63ed","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8054873943328857","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q715185$38140CBA-B7F6-455A-91D1-DC20C8A7D0FA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Rigidity of manifolds with Bakry-\u00c9mery Ricci curvature bounded below","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Rigidity_of_manifolds_with_Bakry-%C3%89mery_Ricci_curvature_bounded_below"}}}}}