{"entities":{"Q716437":{"pageid":718286,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q716437","lastrevid":63842610,"modified":"2026-04-11T15:55:10Z","type":"item","id":"Q716437","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A note on operator probability theory involving numerical ranges"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5949274"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$355D22D5-A310-421D-B658-0744D3D9FEAB","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"cc9f8199cd4458585a81e753fe506bf77bd90970","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A note on operator probability theory involving numerical ranges","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$465A828D-07F2-4506-873F-521589FC0C6B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8bfe586102c47d4b3f9d4ed66012544d0f3f4d4a","datavalue":{"value":"1232.47004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$0A057882-CB31-4E0A-9744-ED44C419699C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7173c01ac63d45f3d64be5a02c5802ab6cc9f33d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":363020,"id":"Q363020"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$2E1613A1-D021-45A0-8CE9-376A4F256EFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8a0bc23ed446d0f49740a29a0e485f2b97c6b343","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":491524,"id":"Q491524"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$C9ED3D72-F805-459C-B86C-DECF171AF2F8","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$3B32D815-CB2C-481E-90DA-BBAC787943D3","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0e0f911d6f8277fb245d8e09b637e9a88b18bd10","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2011-09-22T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$7B66C747-AD4E-4B16-85AE-2A11ACE2B83F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0ac6f3699c171ac985eb2e19aff81e2cabe4d612","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(H\\) be a Hilbert space and \\(B(H)\\) the algebra of bounded linear operators on \\(H\\). For \\(A\\in B(H)\\), the numerical range of \\(A\\) is given by \\(W(A)= \\{(Ax,x):x\\in H,\\;(x,x)=1\\}\\). Let \\(D(H)\\) denote the set of positive semidefinite trace class operators on \\(H\\) with unit trace. For \\(\\rho\\in D(H)\\) and \\(A,B\\in B(H)\\), define  \\[  E_\\rho(A)= \\text{tr}(\\rho A),\\;\\text{Var}_\\rho(A)= E_\\rho[(A-E_\\rho(A)I)^2], \\]   \\[ |\\text{Var}_\\rho|(A)= E_\\rho[|A-E_\\rho(A)I|^2],\\;\\text{Cov}_\\rho(A,B)= E_\\rho[(A-E_\\rho(A)I)^*(B-E_\\rho(B)I)] . \\]  The main results in this article are as follows.  Theorem 2.2. For \\(A\\in B(H)\\), we have \\(\\{E_\\rho(A):\\rho\\in D(H)\\}=W(A)\\).  Theorem 3.3. For \\(A\\in B(H)\\), we have  \\[ \\sup \\{|\\text{Var}_\\rho|(A):\\rho\\in D(H)\\}=\\inf \\{\\|A-\\lambda I\\|^2:\\lambda\\in {\\mathbb C}\\}=\\|A-\\lambda_0 I\\|^2 \\]  for some \\(\\lambda_0\\in {\\mathbb C}\\).  Theorem 4.1. For \\(A\\in B(H)\\), let \\(A=B+iC\\) be the Cartesian decomposition of \\(A\\). Then \\(\\text{Var}_\\rho(A)=|\\text{Var}_\\rho|(A)\\) for all \\(\\rho\\in D(H)\\) if and only if \\(C=c I\\) for some real number \\(c\\in {\\mathbb R}\\).  Theorem 4.3. If \\(A\\in B(H)\\) has the Cartesian decomposition \\(A=B+iC\\), then \\(A\\) is a normal operator if and only if  \\[ |\\text{Var}_\\rho|(A)=\\text{Var}_\\rho(B)+\\text{Var}_\\rho(C) \\]  for all \\(\\rho\\in D(H)\\).  Theorem 5.3. If \\(A\\) and \\(B\\) are selfadjoint, then  \\[ \\sup \\{|\\text{Cov}_\\rho(A,B)-\\text{Cov}_\\rho(B,A)|:\\rho\\in D(H)\\}=\\|AB-BA\\|. \\]","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$841EC301-55AB-44D6-8900-CDA587CAED57","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"83b0584a288cdbafe1b91c6545350175fc528144","datavalue":{"value":"47A12","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$D8AAD7E7-E1FA-4618-8251-142AE631DB46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"41fcf83a5348672e6c3ff04467189c6c33a8aa45","datavalue":{"value":"47N30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$10C8D4BA-91CA-4A69-A888-AEAC03318773","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"0e63907c091cd52b0994182243241b22110202e5","datavalue":{"value":"5949274","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$1EAC58B7-1831-4D6B-AE7B-EE6C68C141BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a4395f83f974ed5030e2de9c0da66f0745355dcc","datavalue":{"value":"operator probability theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$3F7AA061-6EE4-4E0B-9CD8-034D215D9544","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1c1b3cceda245963df8c7a8c5a1a1fdfc33864e7","datavalue":{"value":"numerical range","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$2B34C9CB-D408-4EAC-A5ED-E817D1C75FDF","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"e0d90ee23b61eab7f4a26a4d0883f20a84a75ed9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171542,"id":"Q171542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$9B943086-CE86-4F41-8E42-517147EB1795","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$0CE82F7B-4A6F-42D3-96C2-8252EEC2AAFC","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"323a55a9b072d5459a22b54ec9b0187018c40575","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2011.06.006","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$788D46AE-630D-41F9-9CBE-7057BFE6F2EB","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"aa162d8bde32a06673cd248286d29733ef95c8b9","datavalue":{"value":"W1984176195","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$3675BACA-8686-49C0-B2A6-D9230EEEBE7F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6bcd227bddca696cf67e28418934f4e8482e1624","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4832829,"id":"Q4832829"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$D772B86C-7CD4-4B56-B279-9C7AB0524778","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6d26638b4a2f21a3138fd414cc4042563560b637","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5256232,"id":"Q5256232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$8878DE41-0EEC-4605-9B4B-92DDA78880DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28b2ab8486cf693a007e3ece8760a507b7f0a07a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":996263,"id":"Q996263"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$A4087151-48FD-4157-9EB1-D0D6B6979C58","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"13017f7df21266fa236ed2568f6c94e9c355150d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":549749,"id":"Q549749"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$B18D49A2-E93E-43E6-80B7-C3A137053EB5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b9139fcb3649be5d869c06ecb68ebddae9b51246","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2477369,"id":"Q2477369"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$B85E37CC-E68F-49EA-86DB-CB79C6F32D41","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6cbeca046e30a936cd4f4aa4697c4de37129004d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3375787,"id":"Q3375787"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$34A9DEF0-2FCC-4C2C-95B2-3AADA8391169","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d42073b5d5f97fc5e86e9ef3c01fecf684597c83","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5447703,"id":"Q5447703"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$0357DFC4-0128-4869-A708-17C56939FDA4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"00c4dddf8cff3b6a1d3a5c29806c16f2562641e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2774721,"id":"Q2774721"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$333F6410-DDFD-4255-8305-AB7BA60BFA68","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b2bdb55cc9c5e8fda7effe7106bfb72a5b133905","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2539703,"id":"Q2539703"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$F81CF8F2-2F4C-426A-B2E1-F5F1EFB619F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"514fd837f914096a625c380cdcbb6246114868ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2481884,"id":"Q2481884"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$A0DF18D3-568F-4E52-AB5C-32161A2C243D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"868669cf62bd4d5865e035e733482e98b137f913","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":542873,"id":"Q542873"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$24E575BF-7EA9-44B6-B918-37E446BBBE6E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5bc4b7dd946b11bad88a58c2f1e7166662b4f798","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.LAA.2011.06.006","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q716437$FCB7A51A-1C57-484E-B1E0-F9B9813F8E05","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"44f6e396dbddd029e6a1e2c144bebf39c2eb2421","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5958936,"id":"Q5958936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9f71cf591dc3214ae5a7a9b9ff5d74626d2e78be","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7631562352180481","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q716437$4BE7CA58-075B-45D8-B7F2-EA28A7E43153","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b6f22b37f7df42e4937141c18a142abc921131d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5310196,"id":"Q5310196"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cdbb902fc9700f11679f5f3277d0bfde10783d88","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7594863772392273","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q716437$727246F8-5FC7-470E-AB1E-D8B25ED103A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"96a72b3ab1877f725905b0a4007e8bdff09f98f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1396052,"id":"Q1396052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f4ae46a2e7966a73311114153507b882502efa3c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7585850954055786","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q716437$19E86546-F79E-4282-B3F4-67C1244C54FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"111ecf0dab0c8baeb04672f98cb0d841721635cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4462598,"id":"Q4462598"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f431443533ef61e6a59046bee8ed553b0128d9ed","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7528897523880005","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q716437$416065A2-C96F-4051-A338-FC1618C2FEA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aa4c284fa3d205607fdcdb8b2dd999fb2b8ee59a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":497729,"id":"Q497729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7e0d42aa165ef10f9a19563b5a4639e971caf2c2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7524065971374512","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q716437$EB945AD1-0644-41DE-A79F-1AAA6228E1DF","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A note on operator probability theory involving numerical ranges","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_note_on_operator_probability_theory_involving_numerical_ranges"}}}}}