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We denote by \\(\\mathcal{C}(a)\\) the centralizer of \\(a \\in \\mathcal{A}\\). Now we can define a preorder \\(\\preceq\\) on \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) as follows:  \\[ a \\preceq b \\,\\, \\text{ if and only if } \\,\\, \\mathcal{C}(a) \\subseteq \\mathcal{C}(b). \\]  If \\(a \\in \\mathcal{A}\\) is a maximal (or minimal, respectively) element in \\((\\mathcal{A}, \\preceq )\\), then we call \\(a\\) a maximal (or minimal, respectively) matrix. The main aim of this article is to study maximal and minimal elements of \\(\\mathcal{T}_{k}(\\mathbb{F})\\) -- the algebra of all \\(k \\times k\\) upper-triangular matrices over a field \\(\\mathbb{F}\\). In order to formulate the main result, let us recall that \\(e_{k}\\) denotes the \\(k \\times k\\) identity matrix, and \\(e_{n,m}\\) is the matrix with \\(1\\) in the position \\((n,m)\\) and \\(0\\) otherwise.  {Theorem 1}. Let \\(\\mathbb{F}\\) be a field and \\(k\\geq 3\\). Then, \\(a \\in \\mathcal{T}_{k}(\\mathbb{F})\\) is maximal iff \\(a\\) is of the form \\(\\alpha e_{k} + \\beta b\\) with either {\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[i)] \\(b\\) is similar to \\(e_{n,m}\\) for some \\(n < m\\), or \\item[ii)] \\(b\\) is idempotent different from \\(0\\) and \\(e_{k}\\).   \\end{itemize}} An analogous result also holds for \\(\\mathcal{T}_{\\infty}(\\mathbb{F})\\) -- the algebra of \\(\\mathbb{N} \\times \\mathbb{N}\\) upper-triangular matrices over \\(\\mathbb{F}\\).  In the case of minimal elements, one can show the following characterization. By \\(\\sigma( \\cdot )\\) we denote the spectrum of a matrix.  {Theorem 2}. Let \\(\\mathbb{F}\\) be a field and let \\(k\\) be a natural number. The matrix \\(a \\in \\mathcal{T}_{k}(\\mathbb{F})\\) is minimal iff \\(a\\) is \\(T\\)-similar (see Definition 1) to a matrix that is a generalized direct sum (see Definition 2) of matrices \\(a_{1} \\in \\mathcal{T}_{k_{1}}(\\mathbb{F}),\\dots, a_{n} \\in \\mathcal{T}_{k_{n}}(\\mathbb{F})\\) that satisfy the following conditions: {\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[i)] each of the matrices \\(a_{i}\\) is minimal in \\(\\mathcal{T}_{k_{i}}(\\mathbb{F})\\); \\item[ii)] we have \\(|\\sigma(a)| = \\min \\{n, |F|\\}\\).   \\end{itemize}} As in the case of maximal elements, one can conclude an analogous result for minimal elements in 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