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This is used to study quadratic relations between holomorphic periods of CM abelian varieties. The authors define bi-\\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-structures as follows: if \\(W_1= 2 \\pi i \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\subset \\mathbb{C}\\) and \\(W_2 = \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}} \\subset \\mathbb{C}\\) are \\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\) structures on \\(\\mathbb{C}\\), then \\(\\alpha \\in \\mathbb{C}\\) is called \\textit{bi-\\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\) for \\(W_1\\)} (resp. \\(W_2\\)) if \\(\\alpha \\in W_1\\) (resp. \\(W_2\\)) and \\(e^{\\alpha} \\in \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}^*\\) (resp. \\(\\alpha = 0\\)). The pair \\((W_1, W_2)\\) is called a \\textit{bi-\\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-structure on \\(\\mathbb{C}\\)}. The definition is intended to capture theorems of Gelfond-Schneider and Lindemann which state that if \\(\\alpha \\in \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\) and \\(e^{2 \\pi i \\alpha} \\in \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}^*\\) then \\(\\alpha \\in \\mathbb{Q}\\), and if \\(e^{\\alpha} \\in \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}^*\\) then \\(\\alpha = 0\\), respectively. The authors prove that if \\(A\\) is a \\(g\\)-dimensional CM abelian variety then the tangent space \\(T_0A\\) admits a natural bi-\\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-structure, which decomposes in a canonical way as\\N\\[\\NT_0 A = \\bigoplus_{j=1}^g \\mathbb{C}(\\theta_j),\\N\\]\\Nwhere the terms \\(\\theta_j\\) are the \\textit{holomorphic periods} of \\(A\\). Polynomial relations between periods are the source of many open questions. W\u00fcrtholz's analytic subgroup theorem (WAST) [\\textit{G. W\u00fcstholz}, Ann. Math. (2) 129, No. 3, 501--517 (1989; Zbl 0675.10025)] describes linear relations for linear algebraic groups and 1-motives. It implies that holomorphic periods of CM abelian varieties are transcendental, and \\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-linearly independent if \\(A\\) has no square factors. However, little is known outside of the case of linear relations. The main focus of the paper is to introduce a framework to address the following questions:\\N\\begin{enumerate}\\N\\item are all non-trivial \\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-quadratic relations between holomorphic periods \\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-linear combinations of elementary relations, which are relations of the form\\N\\[\\N\\theta_j \\theta_{j'} - c_{jj' kk'} \\theta_k \\theta_{k'} = 0\\N\\]\\Nwith \\(\\{j,j'\\} \\neq \\{k, k'\\}\\) and \\(c_{j j' kk'} \\in \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}^*\\)?\\N\\item Is\\N\\[\\N\\operatorname{dim}_{\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}} \\bigoplus_{1 \\leq j \\leq j' \\leq g} \\bar{\\mathbb{Q}} \\theta_j \\theta_{j} = \\frac{g(g+1)}{2}\\N\\]\\Nwhen the Mumford-Tate group of \\(A\\) is a maximal torus?\\N\\end{enumerate}\\NThe authors introduce a natural bi-\\(\\bar{\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-structure on the tangent space at a CM-point of a Shimura variety and prove it has a decomposition much as for \\(T_0A\\), which they calculate for the moduli of abelian varieties \\(\\mathbb{A}_g\\). They then introduce the `analytic subspace conjecture', which generalises WAST in this setting, and show it provides a positive answer to the aforementioned questions in the case of 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