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If \\(d_n=p_{n+1}-p_n\\) is the difference between consecutive primes then it follows from the Prime Number Theorem that \\(d_n/\\log p_n\\) has average 1. It has been known since the work of Westzynthius in 1931 that \\(d_n/\\log p_n\\) can be arbitrarily large. In contrast, until the present papers the problem of small values had been a well-known open question, being a weaker version of the problem about bounded gaps \\(d_n\\) or even twin primes, for which \\(p_{n+1}-p_n=2\\).  The main results of the first paper are on the one hand that  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\frac{p_{n+1}-p_n}{\\log p_n}=0 \\tag{\\(*\\)}  \\]  and on the other that, if a certain improved version ``\\(\\text{BV}(\\theta)\\)'' of the Bombieri--Vinogradov Theorem holds, then  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}p_{n+1}-p_n<\\infty.\\tag{1} \\]  The hypothesis \\(\\text{BV}(\\theta)\\) is that  \\[ \\sum_{q\\leq x^{\\theta}}\\max_{(a,q)=1} \\left|\\psi(x;q,a)-\\frac{x}{\\phi(q)}\\right|\\ll_A x(\\log x)^{-A}\\tag{2} \\]  for any constant \\(A\\), and what is required is that this should hold for some \\(\\theta>1/2\\). The Bombieri--Vinogradov Theorem itself allows any \\(\\theta<1/2\\), so that the smallest improvement would suffice to deduce (1). The Elliott--Halberstam Conjecture would similarly permit us to take any \\(\\theta<1\\), which would be more than sufficient for (1). The paper makes a precise connection between the admissible value of \\(\\theta\\) and the size of \\(\\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}p_{n+1}-p_n\\), and shows for example that under the Elliott--Halberstam Conjecture one has  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}p_{n+1}-p_n\\leq 16.\\tag{3} \\]  The second paper proves a stronger version of (\\(*\\)), namely that  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\frac{p_{n+1}-p_n}{(\\log p_n)^{1/2}(\\log\\log p_n)^2}<\\infty.\\tag{4} \\]  The methods of these papers are also partially successful with \\(p_{n+v}-p_n\\) for values of \\(v\\geq 2\\). It is shown that under the hypothesis \\(\\text{BV}(\\theta)\\) one has  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\frac{p_{n+v}-p_n}{\\log p_n}\\leq (\\sqrt{v}-\\sqrt{2\\theta})^2\\tag{5} \\]  so that the Elliott--Halberstam conjecture would imply that  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\frac{p_{n+2}-p_n}{\\log p_n}=0. \\]  Unconditionally the \\(\\liminf\\) in (5) is \\(\\leq(\\sqrt{v}-1)^2\\), but it is stated that the techniques of the paper may be combined with \\textit{H. Maier}'s matrix method [Mich. Math. J. 35, No. 3, 323--344 (1988; Zbl 0671.10037)] to show that  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\frac{p_{n+v}-p_n}{\\log p_n}\\leq e^{-\\gamma}(\\sqrt{v}-1)^2, \\]  where \\(\\gamma\\) is Euler's constant. In particular one would have  \\[ \\liminf_{n\\rightarrow\\infty}\\frac{p_{n+2}-p_n}{\\log p_n}\\leq 0.096\\ldots \\]  The most obvious outstanding question is whether one might use an improved version of the Bombieri--Vinogradov Theorem (along the lines of the results in [\\textit{E. Bombieri, J. B. Friedlander} and \\textit{H. Iwaniec}, Acta Math. 156, 203--251 (1986; Zbl 0588.10042)] for example) to establish (1). Unfortunately it seems that the method of the present papers needs a maximum over many values of \\(a\\) in (2), while known sharpenings of the Bombieri--Vinogradov Theorem require inconvenient restrictions on \\(a\\).  The basic approach in the papers is motivated by Selberg's attack [Collected Papers. Vol. II, Springer-Verlag, New York (1991; Zbl 0729.11001)] on almost-primes \\(n(n+2)\\), and by the reviewer's extension [Mathematika 44, No. 2, 245--266 (1997; Zbl 0886.11052)] to general \\(k\\)-tuples. In the latter, one examines \\(k\\)-tuples \\((n+h_1,\\ldots,n+h_k)\\) and compares the sums  \\[ S_1=\\sum_{N<n\\leq 2N}\\left\\{\\sum_{j\\leq k}d(n+h_j)\\right\\} \\left(\\sum_{d|\\prod_{j\\leq k}(n+h_j)}\\lambda_d\\right)^2 \\]  and  \\[ S_2=\\sum_{N<n\\leq 2N}\\left(\\sum_{d|\\prod_{j\\leq k}(n+h_j)}\\lambda_d\\right)^2 \\]  for suitable sieve weights \\(\\lambda_d\\). If one can show that \\(S_1<HS_2\\) for some integer \\(H\\) then there must be an \\(n\\) with  \\[ \\sum_{j\\leq k}d(n+h_j)\\leq H-1. \\]  In the first paper the sum \\(S_1\\) is replaced by  \\[ S_1=\\sum_{N<n\\leq 2N}\\left\\{\\sum_{j\\leq k}\\theta(n+h_j)\\right\\} \\left(\\sum_{d|\\prod_{j\\leq k}(n+h_j)}\\lambda_d\\right)^2, \\]  where \\(\\theta(m)=\\log m\\) for \\(m\\) prime, and \\(=0\\) otherwise. Then if \\(S_1>(\\log 2N)S_2\\) there must be an integer \\(n\\in (N,2N]\\) with  \\[ \\sum_{j\\leq k}\\theta(n+h_j)> \\log 2N, \\]  whence there are at least two primes in the \\(k\\)-tuple \\((n+h_1,\\ldots,n+h_k)\\). Naturally, the method is doomed to failure unless for every prime \\(p\\) there is an \\(n\\) such that none of \\(n+h_1,\\ldots,n+h_k\\) are divisible by \\(p\\). One says that a \\(k\\)-tuple which is not excluded in this way is ``admissible''.  One therefore seeks to choose coefficients \\(\\lambda_d\\) for \\(d\\leq R\\) say, so as to maximize \\(S_1/S_2\\). At present we do not know how to do this. However to minimize \\(S_2\\) one could choose weights close to \\(\\lambda_d=\\mu(d)(\\log^+ R/d)^k\\), and the authors work with the related choice  \\[ \\lambda_d=\\lambda_d^{(k,l)}=\\mu(d)(\\log^+ R/d)^{k+l}, \\]  where \\(l\\) is an integer parameter to be chosen later. Indeed one might use \\(\\mu(d)(\\log^+ R/d)^kW(R/d)\\) for a general weight function \\(W\\), but it appears that \\(W(x)=x^l\\), for a suitable \\(l\\), is not far from optimal.  One then has the task of evaluating the sums \\(S_1\\) and \\(S_2\\). Taking \\(k\\) and \\(l\\) to be fixed, and \\(0\\leq h_i\\leq N^{1/5}\\) say, one can achieve this providing that \\(\\text{BV}(\\theta)\\) holds, and \\(R= N^{\\theta/2-\\delta}\\) for some fixed \\(\\delta>0\\). The techniques used here are related to those in earlier work by the first and third authors, see [Integers 3, Paper A05, 66 p., electronic only (2003; Zbl 1118.11039)] and [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 95, No. 3, 653--686 (2007; Zbl 1134.11034)].  The outcome is that, for an admissible \\(k\\)-tuple one has  \\[ \\frac{S_1}{S_2\\log 2N}\\rightarrow \\frac{2\\theta k}{k+2l+1}\\frac{2l+1}{2l+2}, \\tag{6} \\]  so that a suitable choice for \\(k\\) and \\(l\\) will yield (1) providing that \\(\\theta>1/2\\). However when \\(\\theta=1/2\\) one produces bounds approaching 1 from below. To achieve (3) one takes \\(k=6\\) and works with the admissible 6-tuple \\((n,n+4,n+6,n+10,n+12,n+16)\\). This however requires a slight modification in the choice of sieve weights, and the authors use a linear combination \\(\\lambda_d^{(6,0)}+c\\lambda_d^{(6,1)}\\).  To prove (4) one may modify \\(S_1\\), replacing it by the larger sum  \\[ S_1'=\\sum_{N<n\\leq 2N}\\left\\{\\sum_{h=1}^L\\theta(n+h)\\right\\} \\left(\\sum_{d|\\prod_{j\\leq k}(n+h_j)}\\lambda_d\\right)^2, \\]  where \\(L\\) tends to infinity with \\(N\\). Now, if \\(S_1'/S_2>\\log 2N\\) there must be an interval \\((n,n+L]\\) containing two or more primes. The first paper uses a slightly different approach, but the second paper pursues the above line. Roughly speaking the terms in \\(S_1'-S_1\\) (that is to say, terms \\(n+h\\) where \\(h\\) is not one of the \\(h_j\\)) make a contribution of order \\(L/(\\log 2N)\\) times \\(S_1\\). If we use only the Bombieri--Vinogradov value \\(\\theta=1/2\\) then by taking \\(k\\) large enough we can make the limit in (6) as close to 1 as we like. Thus, if \\(L=c\\log 2N\\) with any small \\(c>0\\), we may make \\(S_1'/S_2>\\log 2N\\). The result (\\(*\\)) then follows. The second paper quantifies this approach. There are two major technical issues to be overcome. Firstly one must handle \\(k\\)-tuples uniformly for values \\(k\\) tending to infinity. Secondly, the error term \\(x(\\log x)^{-A}\\) in the Bombieri--Vinogradov Theorem (2) needs to be improved. This is achieved by paying special attention to the possible effect of exceptional real zeros of Dirichlet \\(L\\)-functions. It is clear that one needs to work with \\(k\\)-tuples for which \\(k\\leq L\\). A second fundamental constraint arises, namely that \\(L\\gg (\\log 3N)/k\\), and these limit the method to intervals of length \\(\\gg (\\log 3N)^{1/2}\\).  The methods in the second paper may be applied to primes from sets other than intervals. Thus it is shown that if \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is any set of natural numbers for which  \\[ \\#\\{a\\in\\mathcal{A}: a\\leq N\\}\\gg (\\log N)^{1/2}(\\log\\log N)^2 \\]  then infinitely many elements of \\(\\mathcal{A}-\\mathcal{A}\\) are differences of two 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