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Rational approximation of x rests on the identity \\(M_ n^{-1}=(-1)^ nq_ n(q_ nx-p_ n)\\), where \\(M_ n=a_{n+1}+P_ n^{-1}+Q_ n^{-1}\\). Put \\(f(Q,M)=Q+(M-Q^{-1})^{- 1}\\). The following relations are evident: \\(M_{n-1}=f(Q_ n,M_ n)\\), \\(M_{n+1}=f(P_ n,M_ n)\\). The simple observation that f is an increasing function of Q, provided \\(MQ>2\\), leads to the following surprisingly useful implications, setting a foundation for the theory of diophantine approximation (symmetric or one-sided) of a single variable. Theorem: Let \\(r,s\\in {\\mathbb{R}}_+\\), \\(r>a_{n+1}\\), \\(r-a_{n+1}-s^{- 1}\\neq 0\\). Put \\(g_ n=(r-a_{n+1}-s^{-1})^{-1}+(a_{n+1}+s^{- 1})^{-1}\\). Then \\(M_ n\\leq r\\), \\(P_ n<s\\) imply \\(M_{n-1}>g_ n\\); \\(M_ n\\leq r\\), \\(Q_ n<s\\) imply \\(M_{n+1}>g_ n\\); \\(M_ n\\geq r\\), \\(P_ n>s\\) imply \\(M_{n-1}<g_ n\\); \\(M_ n\\geq r\\), \\(Q_ n>s\\) imply \\(M_{n+1}<g_ n\\). 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