{"entities":{"Q757217":{"pageid":759066,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q757217","lastrevid":64106868,"modified":"2026-04-11T17:41:12Z","type":"item","id":"Q757217","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Equilibrium cycling with small discounting"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4191364"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$82FA2DE6-9217-45D9-9DA1-E0155362B0B5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"420e0e0094306d76e1a71ff8f49c4a4add91d251","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Equilibrium cycling with small discounting","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$1E299E24-6B83-4557-9253-3FE4012D99CB","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"06218af94ddc7dd571482c15672f66be37fe1395","datavalue":{"value":"0722.90013","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$42370992-575F-4724-A116-EF845598C575","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"979cee2218b3bb16b035a160efb3a70726a90308","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0022-0531(90)90040-Q","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$06BC08A2-8F0A-4E1D-B65F-B68FD68FD228","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"56d105da287212b448997b6fb8919d6baaad332e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166281,"id":"Q166281"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$B97B8485-1EE2-4DE8-9D45-D47FAF99FBE5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7fec392e463e073351b4baef48fb9474139c761a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166282,"id":"Q166282"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$18677EB0-B0D4-4ED5-8DCE-44CBF2B94D67","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3bf9ac9ec63184edee159adfddd47bd75703ecee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":61265,"id":"Q61265"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$490E1602-90EB-4EA6-80F5-768614792944","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$5271342A-93DE-4BCA-B9A0-596CC9D8FE1A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0f00d258bd9217dfa284c2550a74689448d37b74","datavalue":{"value":"For a so-called Cobb-Douglas three sector technology  \\[  y_ i=b_ i\\prod^{2}_{j=0}k_{ji}^{\\alpha_{ji}},\\quad \\sum^{2}_{j=0}\\alpha_{ji}=1,\\quad i=0,1,2,  \\]  under the natural assumptions \\(\\sum^{2}_{i=0}k_{0i}=1\\) and \\(\\sum^{2}_{i=0}k_{ij}=k_ j\\) the optimal growth problem  \\[  (1)\\quad Max\\quad \\int^{\\infty}_{0}T(y_ 1,y_ 2,k_ 1,k_ 2)e^{-(r-g)t}dt,\\quad \\dot k_ i=y_ i-gk_ i,\\quad i=1,2  \\]  is considered. Here r-g is the discount rate and T defines the efficiency frontier. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle the problem (1) is reduced to a system  \\[  (2)\\quad \\dot k=y(k,p)-gk,\\quad k=(k_ 1,k_ 2),\\quad \\dot p=-w(k,p)+rp,\\quad y=(y_ 1,y_ 2).  \\]  Then with the help of the Hopf bifurcation theorem one can show that for any \\(r>g\\) there exists a Cobb-Douglas technology such that the equilibrium cycles in the system (2). This result refutes the opinion of an impossibility of persistent cyclic behavior in optimal growth models with small but positive discount rates.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$AE81C9A9-1147-4AF3-B465-CED42E843EF8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3d9efc5edd9940138bba54fd2dcb7e91029d8fcc","datavalue":{"value":"91B62","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$C9E37EB9-D4E6-4CAA-8402-B380CEB9798B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c16369e906d6302d02668f410d77d723e29ec9f4","datavalue":{"value":"34C23","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$BF1751EF-7D08-4915-8431-DA878E64A9E6","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5f6a9ab5ee58f4fc205e6b2b4fc4b8163c3a49e6","datavalue":{"value":"4191364","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$4D4D6F44-1520-48AA-A880-CB55AB2D36E3","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6fc53a2ecb955ec06780585e2eb0d6affea73b43","datavalue":{"value":"Cobb-Douglas three sector technology","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$D6578C2C-94D0-49DE-8FA4-212EDB585933","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0dd164f63ad22d6addf0cedd3840e39a5eb07f05","datavalue":{"value":"optimal growth","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$8740777B-8C64-477E-AFB7-80064FFF0161","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"18802dfa221025eb9499b88815975049e7c1162e","datavalue":{"value":"Pontryagin maximum principle","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$2E91DF4C-CE22-425E-96F1-5178B6E3656C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"50bd05830da296fce3812ca72c6ecccef982661a","datavalue":{"value":"Hopf bifurcation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$B70C70E6-A279-4A13-8085-249D062B099B","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"9be685d07474825dc3c005850b3a3e21beb6cb22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":446158,"id":"Q446158"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$CDD5F191-1F6A-44C6-9DFD-A46496913595","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$AD48C9A8-4D01-4EF5-AA53-3F054E076858","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f82a8719c5c111b8af51aa961c2cffb9a8c63f0e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1088572,"id":"Q1088572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$F18FD663-F450-4EF1-8976-5B3F3145AE82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"95b2b26380e524f1c888a00531feccf60dd135c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1069418,"id":"Q1069418"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$C34025DE-D137-42CB-A760-2A7D46CE4BD9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d59ec74a47c37a40f7ad992ca47908f7849ef19a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1136598,"id":"Q1136598"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$08038680-76F9-4D76-8B7C-EC50B3BD46DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"91a674d29084eb794173285d8be77680c0868249","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1114577,"id":"Q1114577"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$F6954B8B-94A2-4AAB-BDC5-FF6CDB2F2FBE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"414e02a541cb22c52ad01401de3b68d2f6fc94cf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1234614,"id":"Q1234614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$42E77105-1B3A-4F57-8024-7C6D1321572D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9865f02167fa70536ea5508fe84d4d43879feea5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1234621,"id":"Q1234621"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$9A8C8FB9-1C5C-4CC9-8CC8-E84687CADFDE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"58838d8e1f54302e39c8ccad3e433ba834b205db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3948194,"id":"Q3948194"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$4FCC5C08-5BA2-43C5-B4EC-52C74706CA95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d5754ee35c4deeb566e0a6ae7042ac5d03ebc53e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1085329,"id":"Q1085329"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$E6D3BC54-F764-45E3-B2BA-19F3AA08544F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3d23858e1e0eeb1555bc7efb3eaef4cfe534f687","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1825357,"id":"Q1825357"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$471B3B39-928C-45A0-9EE0-B2A713F89F52","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f25ff2804822c235968e94263c5afe325692faaa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4196211,"id":"Q4196211"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$C368FC50-715D-4680-A9AF-482DC65E0ED1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"805d3f23e61f78b428544d3917a6dd08010be8f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3973978,"id":"Q3973978"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757217$F347961B-7619-4CAD-86F2-7ADE484AB664","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"75ddae701181d80ff7c7db7f7f5ab7cd246dd14d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":900098,"id":"Q900098"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1b6a05b652b0ea34a684ea76d9f4a2fa72672768","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8181796073913574","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757217$EFC97A18-E458-42C8-A93F-E94E02787012","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"54a911f4086eb7d593ff318fefe7d130bd4a567d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4838432,"id":"Q4838432"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"009c7351e0624e336b63ad04a34de36763e55483","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8093307018280029","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757217$7C252C73-202A-47ED-9630-23B4E76153BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e092244789a4925db6518530c852ddb100b20ce6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1919064,"id":"Q1919064"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"229136c0207b6b89cc3b6a246ed97ac3333d58c5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8018779754638672","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757217$64847482-BEF9-41CC-96B1-9132A85386AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b1b9e6a2851c3ee6da87132956852c0fa5a3ee2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1111448,"id":"Q1111448"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6d9782567d08737371a05429d0e534827bf26a8b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7936665415763855","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757217$5D91CC2F-90BD-43EF-B148-E3EB87AE44CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b0796e689619dce2ddd076bc5ea43f6bb1ef9559","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1908640,"id":"Q1908640"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"218119125bac92bdca8b6231127196048b9e62fd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7935853004455566","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757217$299F1CCC-6708-4E19-BCBA-5E35050E6ED6","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Equilibrium cycling with small discounting","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Equilibrium_cycling_with_small_discounting"}}}}}