{"entities":{"Q757576":{"pageid":759425,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q757576","lastrevid":64108191,"modified":"2026-04-11T17:41:39Z","type":"item","id":"Q757576","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Pushout-complements and basic concepts of grammars in toposes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4191966"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$33F15466-6BF5-4DDC-9344-39363FF5F0E1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"41160d7ad4a10a051c8f51e359e67eb6fd1210ad","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Pushout-complements and basic concepts of grammars in toposes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$E9F1744B-9573-4D87-9EEC-98A1C2733656","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"5afbbd5b83db1f2cee9e3a45c83e5f73e2359021","datavalue":{"value":"0723.18004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$D189E24D-275B-4EE6-B596-F457967470BE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"32ba7d5ae2530d068ee7189f6adaddf54e024255","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0304-3975(90)90171-D","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$C26F609E-345B-4400-BC4D-0B301AF14DED","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b61c76c7b3527a3b135cd1d5c3feb577e0722a96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":406460,"id":"Q406460"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$ADFF8451-DE01-40AC-9D7E-D27F8433EE14","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f3c424cd94a60f9664f9fb69cc6027e75cc7ff3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":123643,"id":"Q123643"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$15499AE3-C85B-4E37-A6EA-DF5826B7D55A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$FBE69A8F-628C-450A-A60C-0FC8649417D8","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"baae4bc54ddcf37482716df1a8153bd6b937827e","datavalue":{"value":"The author investigates pushouts in toposes by using essentially the theory of binary relations, which he called relational calculus. A characterization of pushouts is given, and also characterizations of the existence of a whole pushout starting from some part of it. For example for a composable pair of morphisms (f,g) any pair of morphisms (h,k) such that (g,k) is the pushout of (f,h) is called a pushout-complement of (f,g). The special case of the topos of directed graphs is closely examined. As an application, an embedding theorem and Church-Rosser theorem on grammars in a topos is proved.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$1AFC1078-6C1F-45D8-9908-A3ED551EAA8A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b28ec93edbc28cf51ca38efd24d859f9e51258c9","datavalue":{"value":"18B25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$050F7935-1D5B-4C38-908D-A5E3C2907C43","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c636094cc8b933189eabd7c009d327f829bc6ac4","datavalue":{"value":"68Q42","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$73AD6015-5CE4-4B5A-99E7-0000A9494F79","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f04348da9d1ca8b015ef464713838d83a8af937e","datavalue":{"value":"18A30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$4A93679C-E9C7-447C-BFE7-58EF95302127","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bed973268be96744b8db60caa0543ff50965a902","datavalue":{"value":"18A10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$05A1D72A-2A6B-4FE6-A115-BF402FD78CD5","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f4b5a9df2104973f352f720f28c7477f098d6295","datavalue":{"value":"4191966","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$8A891667-86B0-4194-ABEF-6E682408ED8E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e39cc7b263a34ebcbfc3b70de9b3b0a8338f53ba","datavalue":{"value":"pushouts","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$0065D517-3D73-461D-9252-C9953B67849C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"675eed55543b423fc7b51c01fc2b52bfa3550283","datavalue":{"value":"binary relations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$AEF0FA88-5CBA-4BB9-8854-1B446CC68CF1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7c9e8dda5db9f289ffa758789571cc6c629077cd","datavalue":{"value":"topos of directed graphs","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$5290C483-44E3-46BB-81EF-3BDEDA21B389","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e86d9b4ad5a06064fd9c9bcbc50f8026b1c776dc","datavalue":{"value":"embedding","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$7C16C06E-761A-423D-BF49-EA4B1762A8AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7beb2872e7a2f7b024b7cb6cc08dcb41a600df6e","datavalue":{"value":"Church- Rosser theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$2AABA4FA-D972-42EE-863C-1936B32BDAF9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fa5923e5760a70566733da057f52224f47054e74","datavalue":{"value":"grammars in a topos","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$F4C4DA3F-3FD8-4B98-A6AD-3C262E9937E1","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"5f23a2b26154ae1e4026bd6fa194d4b76df2fa47","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171472,"id":"Q171472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$C40CA9F4-537B-4907-A105-14D796B2ED29","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$E936486A-A385-40DE-A7CA-05EF15D3608E","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e063a33e37ef5dc84ac18aef142b36f11221d873","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4152697,"id":"Q4152697"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$2B2B4C21-348E-4B52-BEDD-E46DB46DAD67","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"68f4cb515180b4397aa0029bb363e5953c629b16","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4189413,"id":"Q4189413"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$CD96CB30-3328-411E-B6B5-4FD9B30528D9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f291ed1edc2323835fdbcd9644ad9f2cae175f65","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3957109,"id":"Q3957109"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$D348748E-9434-4DE3-93A4-B4D9A64BD33C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"38eb59ef4a6f84b7ae85bdf2d8466e529094d698","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3325900,"id":"Q3325900"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$964746CF-686A-40BE-B34B-3F5C806A9837","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef15b3970454943801ea6f54009a29a9b0eb4583","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4194478,"id":"Q4194478"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$DC207A17-41A0-4577-817E-650309963015","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ffd6427378fc6bc7e1933c01e6fb8f09fb28104f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3673130,"id":"Q3673130"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$08CE4ED0-01B9-45DD-B889-6EFF970E2C05","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b69e2297bc7804cac42c762436e43f2c59847765","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3721799,"id":"Q3721799"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$35E1E083-02AF-494D-9540-4F3790B8375D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e1e34e39fc3aeb4145aefa29fca7b4fabaca7398","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4157955,"id":"Q4157955"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$9B9AA517-F170-43F6-AC64-BDCC170B906B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"127ee72d1d7ad2f1d389ea622790e729ce06b376","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3868784,"id":"Q3868784"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$9F41E5F1-091D-4CAC-AA78-92177403D5AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cbf3af222d40fbb84c59c8f0a09c567be9c8e12d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4158499,"id":"Q4158499"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$9B0A60C1-5643-4BF9-8132-80F26024FF24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"87d8d27912d0f26a1794c66cfc87603402858a3e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4194479,"id":"Q4194479"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$33DDE627-A313-4F46-A39C-195FD7D185F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b90e812aa7ce06b870414c771a0ad99ec17cda2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4124322,"id":"Q4124322"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$AB6FBC73-B4ED-4F62-8C25-89A5134AF5EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6fd627327763df3b0af83e535132bc06abb51e11","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3673099,"id":"Q3673099"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$0C293065-6E66-4EA1-9BBD-E31715F28CAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"637d60dd60fa7ae0ece9ed07c4735273bd2f3a96","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5416166,"id":"Q5416166"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$25EFC102-1B60-44CF-AA98-BB4C9368D7E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d01ed8b5a37204cef6ea0de4534fe7bad8dcf3e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1059404,"id":"Q1059404"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$0AE6EB9A-B8D3-43D0-B185-1E24739F3B81","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e62af4ee11e4bb90d5d2a044bca3f8ca5ca4ec84","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1059405,"id":"Q1059405"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$9E4AD525-F58B-48E7-8EB7-79D294253A1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"864023aa78030f1f2d6c56c8127fa6caaa3c6685","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1139588,"id":"Q1139588"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$E727811E-8ACD-4C1E-B58E-55774D4F9EE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae56cbc30bf4e0ace39780e420d931108cdd0102","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4145861,"id":"Q4145861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$85C580FA-F874-4D1A-A852-19514E5BD754","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec38f3d93a23e363169049ebd4c2405df5fd1a06","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5676373,"id":"Q5676373"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$B7178370-2302-4472-9360-B0D335E60C0F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d82b227295c10b6c3c9289b01dc8016d6c611441","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3727946,"id":"Q3727946"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$1E701D01-EC7A-4C5C-B6BB-363E21BB6CE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"534480bfab7acfeee5d80ae4528655224ebda578","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5639839,"id":"Q5639839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$5A3652D3-5186-435F-B056-9BF6B36CEBFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b9d0e6f8a63b6079b1e1251c672f43f79c896412","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3684068,"id":"Q3684068"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$F596C346-5C62-43CD-8EE7-9D0C6C87E1C4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f360a7714ff96230984102a4a7f6ffacdba77bb4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1130919,"id":"Q1130919"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q757576$D817649B-7F08-4CD8-B419-AE31BFE21076","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ac29b845b045c25d38164309f39ce551b2e0db83","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":631570,"id":"Q631570"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0d49008beb3b0a50dd671cab825544c9325e9389","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7575162053108215","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757576$00E4936A-7747-4EDA-81BC-2D9BB7056396","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"34d7030a951b3a73f1c08d3f119e877aaf804d36","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3192235,"id":"Q3192235"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ceb42307658f44adca1be261f4e16459a5732922","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7351424694061279","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757576$21357A80-B67F-41CA-84A6-141C801C3E4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"317d5a97f41d3db93971256cd6850eedc6782576","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5468402,"id":"Q5468402"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d59343eeab6229dfe5e70e4151a8742dcb607842","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7346842885017395","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757576$1B18F197-155F-4FDB-B199-F65A5366AC94","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5d8e40e7805843c1632c7c593aa526f701a6b2c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4502810,"id":"Q4502810"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"88c45bc1fa7a21593c29eb3a0ad34cd08ebc7f81","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.733573853969574","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757576$9ED5EC51-3E63-47D9-AA8B-690893CDAA95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dfdaa868989f34dcccbcaa117824651da04770ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4037302,"id":"Q4037302"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e71ceed0bc6b3bdf4ec2fa1b719ed2073356d167","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7330729365348816","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q757576$039E1CFB-28B9-4F24-8032-CFD345A202F4","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Pushout-complements and basic concepts of grammars in toposes","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Pushout-complements_and_basic_concepts_of_grammars_in_toposes"}}}}}