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This paper studies systematically the conditions for the possibility of defining truth without satisfaction. The authors state results for the case, where the object language is a classical first- order language L and the meta-language is a many-sorted first-order language \\(L_ M\\). A meta-theory M in \\(L_ M\\) is said to be over a theory T in L if every theorem of T is a theorem of M. Theorem 8 says that there exists a metatheory M over T such that M defines truth but not satisfaction (for formulas with n free variables) if and only if T does not admit only finitely many n-types. Such a ''non-Tarskian\\(_ n\\)'' metatheory which is also finitely axiomatizable exists if T has a complete and axiomatizable extension that does not admit only finitely many n-types (Theorem 20). These results imply that there is a non- Tarskian\\(_ n\\) metatheory (finitely axiomatizable or not) for the language L if and only if L is not purely monadic, i.e., L contains other non-logical constants then one-place predicates and individual constants (Theorems 12 and 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