{"entities":{"Q762203":{"pageid":764052,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q762203","lastrevid":42681437,"modified":"2025-07-08T10:39:42Z","type":"item","id":"Q762203","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On polylogarithms, Hurwitz zeta functions, and the Kubert identities"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3887791"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762203$23422923-3439-4204-99B1-4A58DAC6A42F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"e1a53057ab2d28bb9bb914a04551df23df926597","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On polylogarithms, Hurwitz zeta functions, and the Kubert identities","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762203$0462837C-3F5D-480E-BE4B-69CD4AAED9DC","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ac8b99d3db4ee6cb722bbd14f3e3123fe1974abc","datavalue":{"value":"0557.10031","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762203$4A805E2D-512B-4D5F-949E-970283375391","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"190f08128b991df2a0ad2bbf0d84e95f751f56d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":246266,"id":"Q246266"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762203$0E489046-CD0F-427F-A1DE-75E8ED99B68D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0136733d5dd7d9f4d36f24c87a0b8375ae1cb2fd","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1983-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762203$DA6B2FE3-C9D4-4C86-872C-966E15E24515","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"6719d96e6af7e408e8806c764a5a084c5c49c18b","datavalue":{"value":"This very interesting and rich paper deals with classical analytic functions put in a new light, using modern techniques. It deals with the Hurwitz zeta-function \\[ \\zeta_{1- s}(x)=\\sum^{\\infty}_{n=0}(n+x)^{s-1} \\] and the Fourier series (vid polylog) \\(\\ell_ s(x)=\\sum e^{2\\pi inx}n^{-s}\\). Both functions are special cases of Lerch zeta-function. There is a classical functional equation connectin these functions. For integral values of s there is a relation with the Bernoulli polynomials. For positive integral values of s the functions \\(\\ell_ s(x)\\) are connected with elemtnary functions, such as \\(\\log(2 \\sin \\pi x).\\) Starting point is the Kubert identity. Let f be a function defined on \\({\\mathbb{Q}}/{\\mathbb{Z}}\\) or on \\({\\mathbb{R}}/{\\mathbb{Z}}\\), which satisfies \\[ (*_ s)\\quad f(x)=m^{s-1}\\sum^{m-1}_{k=0}f((x+k)/m). \\] We call a function f, defined on (0,1) even if \\(f(x)=f(1-x)\\) and odd if \\(f(x)=-f(1- x)\\). Examples of even functions, satisfying the Kubert identity are \\(\\zeta_ 3(x)+\\zeta_ 3(1-x)\\) for \\(s=-2\\) and \\(\\log(2 \\sin\\pi x)\\) for \\(s=1\\). Examples of odd functions are cos \\(\\pi\\) \\(x\\cdot \\sin^{-3} \\pi x\\) for \\(s=-2\\) and the Bernoulli polynomials for positive integral values of s. It is proved that there are for each complex value of s exactly two linear independent continuous functions defined on (0,1) which satisfy \\((*_ s)\\). One generator can be chosen to be even, the other to be odd. Derivation with respect to x maps the space of Kubert functions with parameter s onto the space with parameter s-1, except when \\(s=0.\\) The author also deals with the generalization to functions defined on \\({\\mathbb{R}}/{\\mathbb{Z}}\\), instead of being defined on (0,1). In {\\$} 5 of this paper the connection of these Kubert functions with algebraic number theory is found. Let A be a subgroup of \\({\\mathbb{Q}}/{\\mathbb{Z}}\\) and let \\(U_ s({\\mathbb{A}})\\) be the additive group with one generator u(a) for each element of A, and defining relations \\[ (*'_ s)\\quad f(ma)=m^{s- 1}\\sum^{m-1}_{k=0}f(a+k/m) \\] (f is a map of A into a rational vector space V). Such a map is called universal if the induced mapping \\(u(a)\\to f(a)\\) of \\(U_ s(A)\\otimes {\\mathbb{Q}}\\) to V is injective. The author now proves that the complex vector space splits, under the action of the automorphism group of A into a direct sum of 1-dimensional eigenspaces, with just one eigenspace corresponding to each continuous character \\(\\chi\\) : Hom\\((A,A)^ 0\\to {\\mathbb{C}}^ 0\\). Furthermore, any inclusion \\(A\\subset A'\\subset {\\mathbb{Q}}/{\\mathbb{Z}}\\) gives rise to an embedding \\(U_ s(A)\\otimes {\\mathbb{C}}\\subset U_ s(A')\\otimes {\\mathbb{C}}\\). Here \\(Hom(A,A)^ 0\\) is the automorphism group of A, identified with the group of invertible elements in the ring Hom(A,A) consisting of all homomorphisms from A to itself. The inclusion mentioned above has some Galois-like features. In the proof the author uses the following lemma. Let \\(\\chi:\\Hom(A,A)^ 0\\to {\\mathbb{C}}^ 0\\) be a continuous character. Then there is one and, up to a constant multiple, only one function \\(f=f_{\\chi}: A\\to {\\mathbb{C}}\\) satisfying \\((*'_ s)\\) and satisfying \\(f(ua)=\\chi(u)f(a)\\) for every \\(u\\in Hom(A,A)^ 0\\) and every \\(a\\in A\\). In the special case \\(A={\\mathbb{Q}}/{\\mathbb{Z}}\\), we have \\(Hom(A,A)=\\lim_{\\leftarrow}{\\mathbb{Z}}/m{\\mathbb{Z}}={\\hat {\\mathbb{Z}}}\\) and the connection with Dirichlet characters is clear. In this case \\(f(1/n)=0\\), if n is not in the conductor of \\(\\chi\\) and if n is in the conductor, we have for \\(n>0\\) \\(f(1/n)=n^{-s}\\prod_{p| n}(1-{\\bar \\chi}(p)\\cdot p^{s-1})(1-p^{-1})^{-1}.\\) In the last paragraph on \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-linear relations there is a nice conjecture. Every \\({\\mathbb{Q}}\\)-linear relation between the real numbers \\(\\zeta_ 2(x)\\), \\(x\\in {\\mathbb{Q}}\\), \\(0