{"entities":{"Q762415":{"pageid":764264,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q762415","lastrevid":64141341,"modified":"2026-04-11T17:54:52Z","type":"item","id":"Q762415","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Orlicz spaces and modular spaces"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3888333"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762415$8F348750-02EA-43B7-8185-3DB483CFA615","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"d93d9bad282485f2253448d0e31c380695d07968","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Orlicz spaces and modular spaces","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762415$12C6531E-8BFB-4401-9FD7-F0F29BCD2479","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2179ac6b6c10c9408b812cd6e6ebbbb0a5b8565d","datavalue":{"value":"0557.46020","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762415$EECD7C2F-F2AD-451D-8D1D-ABBAE0A23C9D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"af7e8c838a5ba167c4fdcf31428e370da6320773","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":207689,"id":"Q207689"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762415$2573CA57-6279-4E09-9730-D2E2FECE72CB","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"583d5634d5ee6575aaa37bb42a0c5602371241ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163387,"id":"Q163387"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762415$DF90232F-5755-4A5E-9767-9E298CB91910","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0136733d5dd7d9f4d36f24c87a0b8375ae1cb2fd","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1983-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762415$2F45D4D9-C088-4A02-A73B-C584AA9AF0B0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"12122a37f07f8453b219b3d82d3547577f820964","datavalue":{"value":"The author has played a central role in the development of the theory of modular spaces for more than twenty years by now. These lecture notes are a survey on that theory. A modular \\(\\rho\\) on a vector space X is a map \\(\\rho: Y\\to [0,+\\infty]\\) verifying \\(\\rho (x)=0\\Leftrightarrow x=0\\) and \\(\\rho (\\lambda x+(1-\\lambda)y)\\leq \\rho (x)+\\rho (y)\\) for \\(0\\leq \\lambda \\leq 1\\). The associated modular space is the vector space \\(X_{\\rho}=\\{x\\in X:\\rho (\\lambda x)\\to 0\\quad as\\quad \\lambda \\to 0\\}.\\) \\(X_{\\rho}\\) is endowed with a linear metrizable (normable when \\(\\rho\\) is convex) topology: for that topology, \\(x_ k\\to 0\\) iff \\(\\rho (\\lambda x_ k)\\to 0\\) for every \\(\\lambda >0\\). Replacing ''every'' by ''some'' we get a weaker type of convergence, the ''modular convergence''. After a few generalities (e.g. conjugate modular on the dual space qhwn \\(\\rho\\) is convex, modular on a tensor product...) come the main examples, namely the ''generalized Orlicz spaces'' \\(L^{\\phi}(\\Omega,\\Sigma,\\mu)\\), modular spaces of (\\(\\mu\\)-classes of) measurable functions on the measure space (\\(\\Omega\\),\\(\\Sigma\\),\\(\\mu)\\) associated to the modular \\(\\rho (x)=\\int_{\\Omega}\\phi (t,| x(t)|)d\\mu (t),\\) where \\(\\phi\\) (t,u) is a non-negative function defined on \\(\\Omega \\times {\\mathbb{R}}_+\\), measurable with respect to t, increasing and continuous with respect to u, null only for \\(u=0\\). When \\(\\phi\\) is convex in u, \\(L^{\\phi}\\) is a Banach space. The above mentioned modular convergence is useful when \\(\\phi\\) does not verify the so-called \\(''\\Delta_ 2\\) condition''. Several results are presented, which are generally well known for classical Orlicz spaces, and were generalized more or less recently to the spaces \\(L^{\\phi}\\) where \\(\\phi\\) depends on the integration variable: when \\(\\phi\\) is convex, characterization of the dual of \\(L^{\\phi}\\); condition of uniform convexity; interpolation theorem of Riesz-Thorin type for sublinear or linear operators \\(P: L^{\\phi_ i}\\to L^{\\psi_ i}\\), \\(i=0,1\\); when \\(\\Omega\\) is a measurable subset of \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\) and \\(\\mu\\) is the Lebesgue measure, study of the translation operators \\(x(t)\\to x(t- v)\\), of the convolution operators with kernels \\(K_ w\\), and compacity criteria in \\(L^{\\phi}\\). Let us notice that the author's hypotheses seem to be sometimes superfluous. For instance, \\(L^{\\phi}(\\Omega,\\Sigma,\\mu)\\) is complete, without assuming \\(\\mu\\) \\(\\sigma\\)-finite: it suffices to observe that every function \\(x\\in L^{\\phi}\\) is null outside some set of \\(\\sigma\\)-finite measure. Other examples of modular spaces are considered, such as Orlicz-Sobolev spaces, or the spaces of functions of finite generalized variation. The last chapters are devoted to the investigation of modulars associated in a natural way to a given family of modulars. For example, to a sequence of modulars \\(\\rho_ n\\), \\(n\\geq 1\\), on a vector space X, is associated the modular \\(\\rho_ 0=\\sup_{n}\\rho_ n\\), and also a modular \\(\\rho\\), such that \\(X_{\\rho}=\\cap_{n}X_{\\rho_ n}\\) with the projective limit topology. This is applied to spaces of infinitely differentiable functions, with \\(\\rho\\) \\({}_ n(x)=\\int \\phi (D^ nx),\\) where \\(\\phi\\) is a convex Orlicz function: a characterization of the subspace \\(X_{\\rho_ 0}\\) of \\(X_{\\rho}\\) is given. Another example is furnished by the Hardy-Orlicz spaces \\(H^{\\phi}\\) of analytic functions in the open disk, with the modular \\(\\rho_ o(x)=\\sup_{r}\\rho (r,x)\\), where \\(\\rho (r,x)=\\int^{2\\pi}_{0}\\phi (| x(re^{it})|)dt/2\\pi,\\) \\(0