{"entities":{"Q762525":{"pageid":764374,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q762525","lastrevid":48782758,"modified":"2026-01-05T20:37:02Z","type":"item","id":"Q762525","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Polynomial hyperforms"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3889612"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$B469F92E-7C71-44E2-ACA9-09FACCFC07D4","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"79cac9a3fb9a6810578a4e52f67bf6f45aacfd2e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Polynomial hyperforms","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$13F7955C-A7B8-4D7F-8E17-600E76B41609","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"65d1a00b5fb95d41223bbac1af4f44e1b02fe2d5","datavalue":{"value":"0558.08003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$0ABD709F-3651-4A12-8711-45E54C04EC2D","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6c7947bc05357c45c7d9403131e55092075de0d6","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01194518","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$5B9F67E0-75B4-4659-8128-C32343CF3815","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8fa179c8715004e2374d4db0c3ce41b39558e95d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":178112,"id":"Q178112"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$2B47A0A2-CBCC-41AE-9495-BCEC32FC56B8","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"0136733d5dd7d9f4d36f24c87a0b8375ae1cb2fd","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1983-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$CB8D54E4-73A1-468B-8DFF-7195FC5964F4","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a59aff476697c1a52a979833a6fc04c9011db476","datavalue":{"value":"Let V be a variety of algebras of type \\(\\Phi\\), and let C be the set of operations obtainable by composition from the elements of \\(\\Phi\\) and projections. C becomes a graded algebra with composition as a multi-ary operation. The author defines an n-ary clone term \\(t=t(x_ 1,...,x_ n)\\) as follows: the expression \\(x_ i\\) is an n-ary clone term for \\(1\\leq i\\leq n\\), if p is an m-ary operation symbol and \\(t_ 1,...,t_ m\\) are n- ary clone terms then the expression \\(p(t_ 1,...,t_ m)\\) is an n-ary clone term. By replacing each \\(x_ i\\) by the i-th projection and regarding the other operation symbols as variables, t may be thought of as a term in the first-order language of the theory of clones. An n-ary hyperform \\(h=h(x_ 1,...,x_ n)\\) is an n-ary clone term in which no operation symbol appears more than once. h is said to hold in a variety V if the sentence  \\[  \\forall p\\exists p_ 1,...,p_ k (p(x_ 1,...,x_ n)=h(x_ 1,...,x_ n))  \\]  holds in the clone of V, where \\(p_ 1,...,p_ k\\) are the opertion symbols appearing in h. Thus a hyperform is a sort of normal form for clone terms, bearing approximately the same relationship to ordinary normal forms that hyperidentities bear to ordinary identities. An example is the hyperform \\(p_ 1(p_ 2(x_ 1,x_ 2),x_ 3)\\) which holds in the theory of abelian groups, since any ternary polynomial can be formed by multiplying an appropriate polynomial in the first two variables by a power of the third variable. Of particular interest are hyperforms called compressions, designated \\(c_{m,k,n}\\) for \\(0<m<k<n\\) and defined as follows:  \\[  c_{m,k,n}=p_ 0(p_ 1(x_ 1,...,x_ k),p_ 2(x_ 1,...,x_ k),...,p_ m(x_ 1,...,x_ k),x_{k+1},x_{k+2},...,x_ n).  \\]  The author now defines two hierarchies on varieties which will be linked with hyperforms in the first theorem. If V is a variety and X is a set, let \\(F_ v(X)\\) denote the V-free algebra generated by the elements of X. A variety V will be said to have the k-generation property if the following holds for any disjoint infinite sets X and Y: for any element b in \\(F_ v(X\\cup Y)\\) there is a subset S of \\(F_ v(X)\\) of size at most k such that b is generated by \\(S\\cup F_ v(Y)\\). The variety of abelian groups, for example, has the 1-generation property.    The second hierarchy is obtained by regarding a polynomial in an algebra as a value to be computed by a machine, which inputs the variables of the polynomial and acts on them by applying operations from the clone of the algebra. The machine involved is a slightly bizarre combination of simplicity and sophistication which we call a one-pass parallel processor. It has a finite number of registers \\(r_ 1,...,r_ k\\) each of which can hold an element of an algebra (in particular, of \\(F_ v(X))\\). The machine can be programmed to perform a fixed series of steps, each of which is either an input step or an operation step. The output of the program is defined to be the content of register \\(r_ 1\\) after the last step of the program. Each program thus defines a polynomial in its input arguments; the program is then said to compute that polynomial in parallel space k. This paper studies these concepts.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$AC64BF2C-11BD-4B82-B895-F38DA86C0904","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"602d7e96b613d2f356db81712453cadad0417631","datavalue":{"value":"08A40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$CE8F65CF-0D2F-40D4-9AE6-1BACC8E6F84D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"29598bfbd54c93cff2d02866d756bf435eb82b22","datavalue":{"value":"20N15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$BBDA6E59-8E5D-4E54-9DDD-1D526872DDC7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"deb5f9f43f355c6575c467b17adc4a680e013b41","datavalue":{"value":"68Q70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$5D81EC74-862B-4185-8EA9-E154526B1F1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"67d83a420633c5e61caca50109886be8d1d7a17a","datavalue":{"value":"03G25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$46089EA5-0B8A-466F-8F46-CCFF92BE8E19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7c3ec75de9d78727d03193af1b75f5a165ed0668","datavalue":{"value":"08B20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$B3F8375D-4AD0-47C6-831F-2FCFC55533D0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"041226adcf28106eff1404ece17e4b8d4f1eaf9b","datavalue":{"value":"3889612","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$F50656EE-3C9C-4AFE-8578-EA07481B52D6","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e0253c57ff9bf990e921e427d2c6bfe23cb63e46","datavalue":{"value":"variety of algebras","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$D3A4709C-E14B-4967-AED3-08F91037FC85","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"af61ebf07455b491078594b026930b3701f75079","datavalue":{"value":"projections","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$E6C57E41-4559-4E0A-AD3A-6F927A5A86CF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f0f6912ad1981912f33f4e6cc683e6285f2d49c3","datavalue":{"value":"graded algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$640A271A-2BB6-400B-AC4F-19E70E6CCD82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9df7bbcaf6bd5b76c77485b81b5afed5106d8e84","datavalue":{"value":"multi-ary operation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$3301ADD5-1DE0-4346-9C5C-066B20BB6790","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"160a183744c83072796303d55fd9961748179652","datavalue":{"value":"operation symbol","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$8FB4A014-68D2-4152-9440-7723A18D6427","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"01bb22c26468eb9bd2ed0fc1c46b74cf5645d1f3","datavalue":{"value":"n-ary clone terms","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$1754FDE3-F8D8-4E34-B0E6-6B251CFC466F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c7c680ca79b35baa840acc8cd38f4a23dfac81d5","datavalue":{"value":"first-order language","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$6E8276BF-1DF5-4E8E-814E-6F098034E73B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d32b0bcc7bb39c92b92984e1db79a0a14ddfb744","datavalue":{"value":"clones","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$F0D3B63A-B6CC-4B31-8436-5892EBD67D1C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8a196560a05d6c1e5c6201d40ef1a0218bf4d61c","datavalue":{"value":"hyperform","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$18245565-F7FB-49AA-8D5C-859AFF9D7752","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4b5ef52bedc0db72dc2f4f18042199799bed1ceb","datavalue":{"value":"hyperidentities","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$513A9A36-0BCA-4DCE-B7DD-CC8F53E7C571","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"062c1ab5a04f9d33901d2a87307215d0589f458f","datavalue":{"value":"k-generation property","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$B144B702-CA6B-4D72-897A-F864C90C29AD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1319d4b5d5ae215665b3bfd6f6134f495644c3ec","datavalue":{"value":"parallel processor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$682FD72A-4AF2-4898-806E-6679C09DDA37","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d122c1ae657a074eb63a48c1ff1e575c23b95a95","datavalue":{"value":"registers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$79B8029E-7479-4546-9E7E-78A86813C754","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2ed046cfa0f3aaebe7ee5a321838d2b14a94a270","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":221782,"id":"Q221782"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$0B168752-038E-4D3D-B4F8-2F568C759464","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"817ffdbcfe85b4bcc287eeb095baaf2eb285a0fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1052701,"id":"Q1052701"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$40141E08-69DD-4CAE-B997-AD44BB899B6F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$7F81E391-ABB6-4948-A1F3-595D0DB838AA","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"67d616bddac9fc72280f875dd9f5b074bb1614fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3845378,"id":"Q3845378"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$CC88F365-5BEE-4BC7-8C2A-E07167220770","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"769ad508a512336eace37d6cb9f91f7ab270e4e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4771004,"id":"Q4771004"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$85A9F6E7-A8C5-446B-873F-74A1B2152A9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6f5027c6c8071dfd859febf6e8a4a2e412410a51","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1149971,"id":"Q1149971"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$D70084E1-79C0-499D-B062-9CC9FDDA4F1C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0d57ed95f8beb3dd21dca6e01c0124cc8add7ba4","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01194518","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$D620B711-8F34-4D4D-894F-A2F724A5D531","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"c00d3fbe22a37516c9a1ed99956e48a1a71c22ba","datavalue":{"value":"W4239453837","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q762525$65A0E5DE-FE07-474D-B20A-E6F0261E40B7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8311a612cde8112444eea5a0d774359e0853acac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1806078,"id":"Q1806078"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"47b108f427801f848b0b17d4775156bfff863030","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7882645726203918","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q762525$D3314E45-06E7-4BB0-9A0B-7691A9413F14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0c2d124f508fecd9a1f98c919d23a6699efe8cf6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4763275,"id":"Q4763275"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cacaedf48bb929e77464abea0a49c99e9ac1169a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7882424592971802","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q762525$257A1EDA-BA09-4140-A752-1F5114D2C94B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eba2bd5d274aa29a8f307e1d0a7fc6197a6ec125","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1059091,"id":"Q1059091"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7ff7f86088836416503bfeec8ca73c8693b75dde","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.787702739238739","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q762525$636F34B7-B456-4CBC-B6FE-864076FAD2BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8b4229ef3d70f1fde07d9f7b7234538dde9720e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4531621,"id":"Q4531621"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4e2e1593e1234cfdf821c054b013ea88d58c49ab","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7835488319396973","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q762525$E42F6868-39F7-4561-A3E9-CE819EE9173F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e081df88a744c63101e666d528e7908f13cf22f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5467211,"id":"Q5467211"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4e2e1593e1234cfdf821c054b013ea88d58c49ab","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7835488319396973","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q762525$335FB28A-2A53-406D-AE60-8427AD09D94B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:762525","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:762525"}}}}}