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Let GA denote the group of orientation-preserving affine transformations of the real line. Two GA-actions \\(\\rho_1\\) and \\(\\rho_2\\) on manifolds \\(M_1\\) and \\(M_2\\) are called \\(C^\\infty\\)-conjugate if there exists an automorphism \\(\\sigma\\) of \\(G\\) and a \\(C^\\infty\\) diffeomorphism \\(H : M_1 \\to M_2\\) such that  \\[ H(\\rho_1 (p, g)) = \\rho_2 (H(P), \\sigma(g))\\text{ for any }g \\in G,\\, p \\in M_1. \\]  \\textit{\u00c9. Ghys} in his doctoral thesis [Sur les actions localement libres du group affine. Th\u00e8se de 3\u00e8me cycle, Lille (1979)] proved that if a \\(C^\\infty\\) locally free action of GA on a closed, connected, oriented 3-dimensional manifold \\(M\\) admits a continuous invariant volume form, then the action must be homogeneous, i.e., the action is conjugate to one of the following: Consider \\(\\widetilde{\\mathrm{PSL}}(2,\\mathbb R)\\), the universal covering group of \\(\\mathrm{PSL}(2,\\mathbb R)\\). Let \\(\\Gamma\\) be a cocompact lattice of \\(\\widetilde{\\mathrm{PSL}}(2,\\mathbb R)\\) and let \\(H\\) be a closed subgroup of \\(\\widetilde{\\mathrm{PSL}}(2,\\mathbb R)\\) isomorphic to the group of orientation-preserving affine transformations of the real line. Then the action \\(\\rho_\\Gamma\\) on \\(\\Gamma \\setminus \\widetilde{\\mathrm{PSL}}(2,\\mathbb R)\\) given by \\(\\rho_\\Gamma (\\Gamma g, h) = \\Gamma(g.h)\\) is locally free and is called the standard GA action. The other classical example of a locally free GA action \\(\\rho_{\\mathrm{solv}}\\) is on the 3-dimensional solvmanifold obtained as a quotient of the following solvable 3-dimensional group Solv of affine transformations of \\(\\mathbb R^2\\) by a cocompact lattice:  \\[ \\mathrm{Solv} = \\{h_{t,x,y} : (u, v) \\mapsto (e^{-t} u + x, e^t v + y) \\mid t, x, y \\in \\mathbb R\\}. \\]  Here the GA is the subgroup \\(\\{h_{t,x,0}\\mid t, x \\in\\mathbb R\\}\\).    The natural question posed by \\textit{\u00c9. Ghys} [Invent. Math. 82, 479--526 (1985; Zbl 0577.57010)] is whether one can remove the invariant volume hypothesis or whether one can construct a \\(C^\\infty\\) locally free action of GA on a closed 3-dimensional manifold which is not homogeneous. This problem was open for thirty years. The author proves that there exist nonhomogeneous \\(C^\\infty\\) locally free actions of GA on \\(\\Gamma \\setminus \\widetilde{\\mathrm{PSL}}(2,\\mathbb R)\\) when \\(\\Gamma \\setminus \\widetilde{\\mathrm{PSL}}(2,\\mathbb R)\\) is not a rational homology sphere.    In the appendix, the author gives a proof of the unpublished result by \u00c9. 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