{"entities":{"Q76520":{"pageid":77755,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q76520","lastrevid":56615127,"modified":"2026-03-13T12:09:19Z","type":"item","id":"Q76520","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"NCA"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Necessary Condition Analysis"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"438d0eef0223375d3a92def8ffc6a10a8bf1ca95","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57080,"id":"Q57080"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$9CDE7807-2E07-4D74-B913-BB78D65FE31D","rank":"normal"}],"P132":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"6d86f76d25c923fbdc43e848ed60ff961adaa4e0","datavalue":{"value":"3.3.1","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b11436b5c00f9840c87b4d5554df49203d13b8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$34EFDBFA-2B27-4CE7-B302-CCA56ED04AF1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"52132506095ca5fb2946ebd8e612b254d9fd37af","datavalue":{"value":"1.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"574af01bec34fab94fbd05c1ad16d21d195c1ca6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-07-02T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$72A53B66-2D57-4884-9207-77DA508F93FC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"fb978985647a38ef3b5cae50bb4a636b3b555590","datavalue":{"value":"1.1","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a2342b2b3bbb789d9ee7e4787359ace64413ebc0","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2015-10-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$6C892C39-0A3B-418B-A088-15E4D3CAF2F3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"64724019ea34462985f93fbc55c4fdb684709353","datavalue":{"value":"2.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"520e6f0241f1a69086f50367d5722006ec0b624b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$217543F7-4482-4161-B116-7D9B42C901C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"97c1ce5311e665373acd0df1b45eb40eaff116a4","datavalue":{"value":"3.0.1","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1dea8b353f71cbbb3b5cacc724847e34eb1031d7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-08-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$CF75AB6A-F259-497C-BD20-E3F0FF1B46D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"9c2d86cd1e4cc791d762bdf2d822408807e712b2","datavalue":{"value":"3.0.2","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"33cce4fd4ac55934aa54f9a1aa310e23129f81c7","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$1ED6420B-C543-4DA6-87C8-0A426E3F971F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"07fa3f65c6ff12b2730ecc024f376601d160caf8","datavalue":{"value":"3.0.3","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"beba174142ca9753344a24996bea0174e7aec500","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$933E1DF4-C7B0-484D-BE75-1292DBD7652A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"6989a77945ac597ada2c51cd3cf0ddfe58c3bcd5","datavalue":{"value":"3.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"3e74171917f76d97fb405ffcce9f24bdd302725d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$18B15000-47F0-486F-9EAC-1B84C0F0555C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"442152455984a089725b0aeead62834213ecf513","datavalue":{"value":"3.1.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"da52b2635d2cd12aed90d9fb08209aaf7209a581","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$E002160D-CFBA-415E-A41F-F2A5DF1209C7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"97a32088d0319646ffacf8f3aa1618650e4b510f","datavalue":{"value":"3.1.1","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"960dc4bf51b8f5076beb0d650fe9e65aae11ca84","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$5813F93B-719C-492A-84A8-E4400D99E368","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"54cc84dbd6b0ee06d4a3a66547c7fc488379d744","datavalue":{"value":"3.2.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"404189a9c803760e5e73a4ffd8628bd1c6324fae","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$605F0DC0-FE8A-4936-8685-AA3EA8BCBE0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"527ccb8729666a409794a6f6eacc07c9c80ebc56","datavalue":{"value":"3.2.1","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"22a2efcfe4f96c3bebc408ebd225f07cb2931b11","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$D832328E-7F4A-4D15-943B-C2BE55A23957","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"f285ad692b3c59558d9668b7414ced4570543f03","datavalue":{"value":"3.3.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"cd19c0da70be3be0168636ed48cb0aa4a71f51da","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$F172DA8C-6456-4B3C-8389-F397AFBA0937","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"88b33a55fd68729f52669822d2eb47afc70299b2","datavalue":{"value":"3.3.2","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"52958a1a3302f5b699063490fddb5552c7118c47","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$B4531343-2A40-4841-BFDF-2C4346947BF0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"b2c8f97c31a2ba07a19f6dc28ebd72f0746d4a2e","datavalue":{"value":"3.3.3","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7e8428f91ca00db6124a35846c51e7e775ba7155","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$67721414-2577-456A-A0C0-4CD221C5FD5E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"e5e498d88a77cf4df952712b729dfa470dea9cc2","datavalue":{"value":"4.0.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7adfab34f3c3d8e61a418701d66917b32bf911dc","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$C825BCC9-8259-4851-9E1D-CB65B25FE6DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"fb8c89715da3d0211029446e05096a88bc644061","datavalue":{"value":"4.0.1","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P28":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f0e577acca6061328888ba7365d7ba637bb2ce80","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P28"],"id":"Q76520$5A048A1A-1B92-4143-8EFA-D5D44DCB9BAB","rank":"normal"}],"P229":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P229","hash":"6e4fabb4fb823676b8d4b19742241791865b1a72","datavalue":{"value":"NCA","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$6E68C2FA-3B89-47C2-AA61-25CDF7A2D226","rank":"normal"}],"P114":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P114","hash":"251fd109c2cd8c1ee39b48cd109c9f4b1c9fcf5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":13519,"id":"Q13519"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$09CE9067-28D0-468E-94C4-87CC66C561FE","rank":"normal"}],"P1459":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1459","hash":"67a4c8278b3c6b41a75c91f0357d2e61e9f2e966","datavalue":{"value":"Performs a Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). (Dul, J. 2016. Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). \u201dLogic and Methodology of 'Necessary but not Sufficient' causality.\" Organizational Research Methods 19(1), 10-52) <doi:10.1177/1094428115584005>.  NCA identifies necessary (but not sufficient) conditions in datasets, where x causes (e.g. precedes) y. Instead of drawing a regression line \u201dthrough the middle of the data\u201d in an xy-plot, NCA draws the ceiling line. The ceiling line y = f(x) separates the area with observations from the area without observations.  (Nearly) all observations are below the ceiling line: y <= f(x). The empty zone is in the upper left hand corner of the xy-plot (with the convention that the x-axis is \u201dhorizontal\u201d and the y-axis is \u201dvertical\u201d and that values increase \u201dupwards\u201d and \u201dto the right\u201d). The ceiling line is a (piecewise) linear non-decreasing line: a linear step function or a straight line. It indicates which level of x (e.g. an effort or input) is necessary but not sufficient for a (desired) level of y (e.g. good performance or output). A quick start guide for using this package can be found here: <https://repub.eur.nl/pub/78323/> or <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2624981>.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$93B00E47-E070-420E-A49F-5165815657D6","rank":"normal"}],"P170":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P170","hash":"386a8ad8b3cd5dda6a86288c7057950b09fa72c1","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$8986BF04-A051-4858-A529-6486E69209EB","rank":"normal"}],"P19":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P19","hash":"b4ed9e05a7bdb0353e9a1bb19e3ca18f333ed34e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976667,"id":"Q5976667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$338F82B0-F0B9-4D46-9281-300BA3C29537","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fe2e72043876e295710264d54690cbf687a7a1fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":76518,"id":"Q76518"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$337F8089-427F-4861-987F-BED721983F64","rank":"normal"}],"P163":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P163","hash":"64cd73e553e7920a9cd11e3377fb75fd0effb226","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56634,"id":"Q56634"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P232":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P232","hash":"08cd46e5d0670b30202d0ab659ba1ea1aef83363","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"\u2265 3","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P232"],"id":"Q76520$C4DD68C4-3A36-4D87-B52E-445E036174E2","rank":"normal"}],"P585":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"ae24aa354ff47c3a34fdf54c9f4bc3aca590c5fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16726,"id":"Q16726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$8367FF46-9612-4899-B3F2-737C3245CEB5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"0071da514dd543a8118d64340cad3836eea0344b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16533,"id":"Q16533"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$0EFF6570-76AE-4C68-AEB5-728A3DA042BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"8823efbcffd0d51c1e5a271674d63f107f2b5242","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16757,"id":"Q16757"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$C65D3EC7-F73E-4839-A4AE-6AA46A58DE38","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"553560e02bbad6387c55fbd8f6542470ce1d703f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16293,"id":"Q16293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$D992F0F8-5091-40F6-86E5-162B6804F94B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"377927ca9faccb74fb3425e77d43b739b674c2ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57344,"id":"Q57344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$377945E0-87C7-42C9-B398-F55B244AD328","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"d7cf5781e7cb92ac61a7e0a64b9797a412d6a6b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":24345,"id":"Q24345"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$2ED1ABC4-D4C9-4A6D-AE01-0650B6AB5B84","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"2734fefcab2202672ec92efc94c1762fd2e7d3a7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":20058,"id":"Q20058"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$0E232A4E-605C-403C-B983-58868FD397B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"731258a5681caa0379a7cb2cf89a25aca73a58bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":36776,"id":"Q36776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$DE45C4DF-400A-4FAC-97E8-3CF998195BD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"f0a5142537c59fc758f4e6a204c4db3dcb7be5c5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":31166,"id":"Q31166"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$16BB5D69-0A33-42A7-BC6D-F0C82C336D1D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P585","hash":"b86c85a70003ee231673de513b668eaebaf7e8df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":24282,"id":"Q24282"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$616F7A65-150C-4F0F-8CF4-84EFBD965F9C","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e16442cc0a728cfcebb6e101077ad7afad020798","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5975638,"id":"Q5975638"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$A89923C3-F4C4-44A4-88A3-7F3F058D5877","rank":"normal"}],"P342":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P342","hash":"fe12f5e01d046912e5e7daea96ad81df7a13e944","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":13519,"id":"Q13519"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P132":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P132","hash":"d58e5b1027dfb6f2eb46f744a45ba1224fa0fc25","datavalue":{"value":"\u2265 3.5.0","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P132"],"id":"Q76520$5FDF7130-FEE4-4932-B09C-B40CE90B31A7","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"908c3454b3659c4b140ccce33c5aee31081edc8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976450,"id":"Q5976450"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q76520$54C89E4F-D362-41CB-8592-07761ABBA3F3","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"NCA","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/NCA"}}}}}