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Lubotzky} and \\textit{A. Mann} [J. Algebra 105, 484--505 (1987; Zbl 0626.20010)]. A powerful \\(p\\)-group \\(G\\) is powerfully nilpotent if \\(G\\) admits a powerful central chain, that is, a series of subgroups \\(1=H_0 \\leq H_1\\leq \\dots \\leq H_n=G\\) such that \\([H_i,G]\\leq H^p_{i-1}\\) for every \\(i\\in \\{1,2,\\dots,n\\}\\). The powerful nilpotence class of \\(G\\) is the shortest length of a powerful central chain of \\(G.\\) If \\(G\\) is a powerfully nilpotent \\(p\\)-group of powerful class \\(c\\) and order \\(p^n\\), the powerful coclass of \\(G\\) is defined as the number \\(n - c.\\) A natural approach is to develop something that corresponds to a coclass theory for finite \\(p\\)-groups where coclass is replaced by powerful coclass. This lead to introduce, for a fixed prime \\(p,\\) the ancestry tree whose vertices are all the powerfully nilpotent \\(p\\)-groups and where two vertices \\(G\\) and \\(H\\) are joined by a directed edge from \\(H\\) to \\(G\\) if and only if \\(H \\cong G/Z(G)^p\\) and \\(G\\) is not abelian. The authors give a full classification of powerfully nilpotent groups of rank \\(2\\) and deduce from this classification a precise formula for the number of powerfully nilpotent groups of rank 2 and order \\(p^n.\\) They also give a detailed analysis of the ancestry tree for these groups. 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