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The paper consists of five sections. In {\\S}1, the motivation and most definitions needed are exposed. {\\S}2, 3 and 4 are devoted in turn to the proof of three main results:    Theorem 1.4. Put \\({\\mathcal O}=\\{O\\); O orthogonal on E with \\(O+JOJ\\in {\\mathfrak S}\\}\\), where E is a real, separable Hilbert space equipped with a complex structure J (i.e. \\(J^ 2=-1\\), \\(J^*=-J)\\), and \\({\\mathcal S}\\) is a separable symmetrical ideal of real linear operators on E. \\({\\mathcal O}(\\infty)\\) and \\({\\mathcal U}(\\infty)\\) denote the stable orthogonal and unitary groups respectively. Then \\({\\mathcal O}\\) has the homotopy type of the homogeneous space \\({\\mathcal O}(\\infty)/{\\mathcal U}(\\infty)\\). In particular, the first homotopy group \\(\\pi_ 0({\\mathcal O})\\cong {\\mathbb{Z}}_ 2.\\)    Theorem 1.5. Let H be a complex Hilbert space E with J. Then \\({\\mathcal O}\\) is a complete metric group and \\(i_{{\\mathcal O}}:{\\mathcal O}\\to {\\mathbb{Z}}_ 2:\\quad O\\to \\dim_ H \\ker(O-JOJ)\\) is an index map for \\({\\mathcal O}.\\)    Theorem 1.7. \\(i_{{\\mathcal G}}:{\\mathcal G}\\to {\\mathbb{Z}}:\\quad G\\to \\quad Fredholm\\quad index\\quad of\\quad P_+GP_+,\\) is an index map for \\({\\mathcal G}\\), where \\({\\mathcal G}\\) is defined by \\(\\{\\) G; G and \\(G^{-1}\\) are bounded on H, \\(P_{\\pm}GP_{\\mp}\\in {\\mathcal S}\\}\\) corresponding to a pair of infinite-rank, complementary (i.e. \\(P_++P_-=1)\\) and self-adjoint projections \\(P_+\\) and \\(P_-\\) on H.    Incidentally, in {\\S}5 the authors deduce the index theorem for real, skew-adjoint Fredholm operators, obtained by \\textit{M. F. Atiyah} and \\textit{I. M. Singer} [Inst. Haut. Etud. Sci., Publ. 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