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This simplifies the existing theory and sheds new light on work of Adams on the Whitehead problem concerning asphericity in 2-complexes. The three classes of groups are the locally indicable groups, introduced by \\textit{G. Higman} in connection with the zero divisor and unit problem in group rings [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 46, 231-248 (1940; Zbl 0025.24302)], the conservative groups, introduced by \\textit{J. F. Adams} in connection with the Whitehead problem [J. Lond. Math. Soc. 30, 482-488 (1955; Zbl 0064.415)], and the \u1e0e-groups introduced by \\textit{R. Strebel} in connection with homological methods applied to the derived series of groups [Comment. Math. Helv. 49, 302-332 (1974; Zbl 0288.20066)]. Let \\(R={\\mathbb{Z}}\\) or \\({\\mathbb{F}}_ p\\). A group G is said to be locally R-indicable if every non-trivial finitely generated subgroup H admits an epimorphism \\(H\\twoheadrightarrow R\\). G is conservative over R if \\(H_ 2(K;R)=0\\) for every 2-complex K acted on by G with \\(H_ 2(K/G;R)=0.\\) And G is a \u1e0e(R)-group if \\(R\\otimes_{RG}\\phi\\) is non- injective whenever \\(\\phi:P\\to Q\\) is a non-injective homomorphism between projective RG-modules. (\\(R\\otimes_{RG}-\\) detects injectivity). The main result, then, asserts that to be local R-indicable, to be conservative over R, and to be a \u1e0e(R)-group are equivalent properties. There are also more subtle results comparing the three properties for different rings R. Applications. 1) For any group G let \\(r(G)\\triangleleft G\\) denote the smallest normal subgroup M with G/M locally indicable. If X is a 2- complex, \\(G=\\pi_ 1(X),\\) and \\(N\\triangleleft G\\) a normal subgroup whose covering complex \\(\\tilde X\\) satisfies \\(H_ 2(\\tilde X;{\\mathbb{F}}_ p)=0\\) for all p, then G/r(N) is of cohomology dimension \\(\\leq 2\\). This applies, e.g., in the situation when X is a subcomplex of a 2-complex Y and \\(N=\\ker(\\pi_ 1(X)\\to \\pi_ 2(Y)).\\) And it yields substantial restriction on the centre of G. 2) A G-module M is said to be perfect if \\({\\mathbb{Z}}\\otimes_{{\\mathbb{Z}}G}M=0.\\) If G is a \u1e0e(R)-group then, clearly, G cannot have any non-trivial projective perfect \\({\\mathbb{Z}}G\\)-module. Using this remark and the results above the authors show: If G has a transfinite descending subnormal series \\(\\{G_{\\alpha}\\}\\) with \\(\\cap G_{\\alpha}=1\\) and each \\(G_{\\alpha}/G_{\\alpha +1} R_{\\alpha}\\)- indicable for some \\(R_{\\alpha}\\). Then G admits no non-trivial projective perfect G-module. Corollary: Let C be a connected n-complex with fundamental group \\(\\pi_ 1(X)\\) of cohomology dimension \\(\\leq n\\) and \\(\\pi_ i(X)=0\\), \\(2\\leq i