{"entities":{"Q792231":{"pageid":794079,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q792231","lastrevid":64414278,"modified":"2026-04-11T19:42:55Z","type":"item","id":"Q792231","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A relation between perfect equilibria in extensive form games and proper equilibria in normal form games"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3852827"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$C24997FC-1AA6-4CBC-A99D-BC5FFDF02B0E","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c1375ddfb15901122eef7e3e00c48209bd985156","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A relation between perfect equilibria in extensive form games and proper equilibria in normal form games","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$8D924CE3-8B1D-48E7-A8D2-42EE6655B652","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"539b312a22a8c923cd785f97c3e6f5a771c739a3","datavalue":{"value":"0536.90098","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$BA4D4CEF-8A6E-4AC9-84F6-257CA034A6C8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0f7ee09c652f4cd1887282f50f4f227517dd86d9","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01769861","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$D283DC58-B0E0-4E9A-90F4-B8051E38AE3A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"ef8712371e142c87c3e57daa1955918131611e11","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":267073,"id":"Q267073"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$FA443E1E-67FB-4E4E-ADF2-A8C6A8E1EFCC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2ee0f220147ae8bc749a64db56839865dbc4f127","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1984-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$D5A093EE-A487-4E76-8EA1-BF2E831D9C2E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"0a64c38d54e6fb6ca9643e0fd5c4c97339ddf720","datavalue":{"value":"The concept of quasi-perfect equilibria is introduced for games in extensive form. This concept is slightly weaker than Selten's perfectness concept, but slightly more restrictive than Kreps' and Wilson's concept of sequential equilibria. The main result of the paper is that every proper equilibrium of a normal form game induces a quasi-perfect equilibrium in every extensive game with this normal form. Hence, whether an equilibrium is sequential, can already be detected in the normal form. One section of the paper contains examples illustrating this result as well as the discrepancy between perfectness in the normal form and perfectness in the extensive form.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$DC4786D9-EB83-47AC-B4BD-83CDEBF7801F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8a7dd7003e1269b5b10ff3f935da8af9e44f172f","datavalue":{"value":"91A10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$ABB58049-D84A-43E7-ABCC-67C297CD3CE0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f14e1edfa59d0a890da6aeff85044eb699de08a0","datavalue":{"value":"3852827","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$8B5F9F3D-2076-48A6-B137-718E3CE65013","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8d7719b69fa0c2ed2fbcb01ca439162b5a052ae5","datavalue":{"value":"quasi-perfect equilibria","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$4919D3D8-BFF7-4F57-B533-E8469A430CB6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e80f4267158c0c964438986945cbf3a412e4ddb6","datavalue":{"value":"games in extensive form","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$7EC2432B-0FC5-4D6F-B501-97C27C6E168C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cfa4a2101ece5084169a83f3d3830cc68ee2ac72","datavalue":{"value":"sequential equilibria","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$08483A67-EB9B-49A6-BCF2-B8049B2BC698","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d4cc17b1045671f7c65bcfb28c09bed2acc9bddb","datavalue":{"value":"proper equilibrium","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$9C47B559-00C3-4ED4-B381-F088CC6EBC07","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7a46eb204e107e24d7a5375d9dff66a9898b6bf5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":684772,"id":"Q684772"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$1F481AFA-E326-41AF-9AB6-31A20301BEE8","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$F23242FF-71B1-4C95-85A5-9A50A98B9CC9","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b1e59ccec9f727b0a71a81b106175ebb1ed50568","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5893832,"id":"Q5893832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$251EA4C5-391A-44F9-B052-9439F95271F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7193a34f3f0c5a8fbd8ea238332d9f044583e528","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3942768,"id":"Q3942768"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$2A95F0E8-4380-4677-B975-66A7287E0DD6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e17b3c38e055b8a6f730433357d1a5313dea4e2a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5817864,"id":"Q5817864"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$26168C57-A357-4AE9-9BE2-0AFCF42681D2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4bb5cb7d462d9db05d67068fb13213f19bd976ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5906114,"id":"Q5906114"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$AE1AA3F5-DE3B-40E1-977B-F69DBD01DEC7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"01dc4bcef26971d9c2a5117cccec2bbdc8401d5a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1219784,"id":"Q1219784"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$0E376793-3027-4B9B-A541-8D36A8392BE1","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"f5a1c6d36138a69847ceeb1248b21668f3193058","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01769861","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$D61AA9C1-6683-4998-864B-07F25884346D","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"9f0a36d80a679fab057decf78359a3c4a98af663","datavalue":{"value":"W1522839481","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q792231$8F25B04E-41D3-479E-91B0-CC66A6AD0456","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3c75ac73c0cf1fbeef7fd222c04aed55ae436d90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":848629,"id":"Q848629"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"83cf8bc99cce7411112617bc412b8602d4fb2e07","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9096024","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$C1C20835-2FC3-4785-AB09-58470D270271","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"66b3eac056d9c0c7b51c2647bbd7c87ee4544800","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5474976,"id":"Q5474976"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bb05580b139a16ce87c2dc6ef4b4372323a73241","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9071859","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$9CEB6A6F-09C6-444A-8772-7567EF186B07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3791c9e3bc4a32dabc2cf181e1b77be4c89b54f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":875272,"id":"Q875272"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9c49b42e3ed7e1f5ecfcc2a1de12247a9f32eda9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9001054","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$2BDD489B-2B92-4154-825A-91E08DE3A0E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5c890cb346f51fc07bc625b0a3af7954a92ab1fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1192626,"id":"Q1192626"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1216a2e3b8f80e97fb83b1b4d90cff2d25f87f09","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89727765","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$4B50AA01-2FE4-4687-99B9-DFFD8B0892F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fe841bc82084ae83594f18bf77d88ac01d8d7561","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1321537,"id":"Q1321537"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"597a651e28245e110be586b2ac01f43fe89492e1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8954795","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$08A64A31-53C4-4124-8867-5B0319695416","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7abbe9fcde4c8034699316c9a679b82bb5264c3a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2346321,"id":"Q2346321"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ffe043ff405017fcd18f55d133622e1e9b88d22d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8952827","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$DA2BB2D9-D332-4196-92C3-57EE502C739A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"89419f31fdb0a895a2fbedad955683d4de35db1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1745659,"id":"Q1745659"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"69bffd46cc9a0d49fb31e70f531c9cc8c1ac4c3f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89382017","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$7778959C-E93C-4854-9D10-8ACAB4D72115","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2c6908898abf117622be6e1f2e1b620af8de8b46","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1779830,"id":"Q1779830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"db44f836b9543e85d9f0aaf9943d9649e6cf4a7b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8905694","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$F6901D45-F525-4AC0-AB84-7EB8BE42FE1F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d520305ef92fca0c69e1523bedfc0e7db46f59bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":619814,"id":"Q619814"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e6c4a5203a31960f00f20d29658e0842f221eef7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88445646","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$AA4CF2F0-7BDD-49DC-8C81-807E42927989","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6b988e78657a2688dcc132aa2ef0d3a5ebed215d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1342409,"id":"Q1342409"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eae5726ebe1fb211b16ae438898ebec507b9cba8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8821781","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q792231$A29B0CF6-BA8D-453B-9B53-F5CDE0808AAA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A relation between perfect equilibria in extensive form games and proper equilibria in normal form games","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_relation_between_perfect_equilibria_in_extensive_form_games_and_proper_equilibria_in_normal_form_games"}}}}}