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K. Kharchenko} [Algebra Logika 16, 313-363 (1977; Zbl 0397.16037)] for semiprime rings. The authors, however, give a direct derivation of the Galois correspondence in this case. An automorphism \\(\\sigma\\) of a prime ring R is called X-inner if the unique extension of \\(\\sigma\\) to the Martindale ring of quotients is inner. The authors prove that an automorphism \\(\\sigma\\) is X-inner if, and only if, there exist nonzero elements a, a', b and b' of R such that \\(a\\cdot r\\cdot b'=b\\cdot \\sigma(r)\\cdot a'\\) for every element r of R. They develop their Galois theory through the study of trace forms, which are functions defined on R by a rule: \\(T(x)=\\sum^{n}_{i=1}a_ i\\cdot \\sigma_ i(x)\\cdot b_ i\\) where the \\(\\sigma_ i\\) are automorphisms of R, but the \\(a_ i\\) and \\(b_ i\\) may be any elements of the Martindale ring of quotients. When the trace form T is such that, for some subscript j, \\(a_ j\\neq 0\\), \\(b_ j\\neq 0\\), and \\(\\sigma_ j^{-1}\\sigma_ i\\) is X-outer (i.e., not X-inner) for all \\(i\\neq j\\), then \\(T(I)\\neq 0\\) for any nonzero ideal I of R. This result represents a strong condition of independence for X-outer automorphisms.    Now let G be a finite group of X-outer automorphisms, except for the identity automorphism, of course, of a prime ring R; let \\(R^ G\\) denote the fixed ring of G; and let S be a subring such that \\(R^ G\\subseteq S\\subseteq R.\\) It is shown that S is a prime ring, every monomorphism of S into R which fixes \\(R^ G\\) is the restriction of an element of G, and \\(S=R^ H\\) for some subgroup H of G if and only if S is an ideal cancellable subring of R in the sense that I\\(r\\leq S\\) for a nonzero ideal I of S and an element r of R implies that r is an element of S. The Galois correspondence is a one-to-one correspondence between subgroups of G and ideal cancellable subrings S such that \\(R^ G\\subseteq S\\subseteq 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