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A subalgebra \\({\\mathcal B}\\subset L(X)\\) is called irreducible if for each pair x,\\(y\\in X\\), \\(x\\neq 0\\) there exists \\(A\\in {\\mathcal B}\\) such that \\(Ax=y.\\) A subalgebra \\({\\mathcal B}\\subset L(X)\\) is called strongly irreducible if for each \\(y\\in X\\) there exists a constant \\(\\alpha_ y\\) with the property: If \\(x\\in X\\), \\(\\| x\\| =1,\\) then there exists \\(A\\in {\\mathcal B}\\) such that \\(Ax=y,\\) and \\(\\| A\\| \\leq \\alpha_ y.\\) Let \\({\\mathcal A}\\) be a real or complex Banach *-algebra with the identity element e. \\({\\mathcal A}\\) is called symmetric if \\((e+a^*a)^{-1}\\) exists for each \\(a\\in {\\mathcal A}\\). The main purpose of the paper is to prove the result below which can be considered as a characterization of Hilbert spaces among all Banach spaces.    Theorem 1. Let X be a real or complex Banach space. Suppose there exists a strongly irreducible symmetric Banach *-algebra \\({\\mathcal B}\\subset L(X)\\) which contains the identity operator. In this case there exists an inner product on X such that the corresponding norm is equivalent to the given norm, and that for each \\(A\\in {\\mathcal B}\\), \\(A^*\\) is the adjoint of A relative to the inner product.    Using the well known Kadison's result concerning representations of \\(B^*\\)-algebras the following result is proved.    Theorem 2: Let X be a complex Banach space, and suppose that there exists an irreducible \\(B^*\\)-algebra \\({\\mathcal B}\\subset L(X)\\) which contains the identity operator. In this case there exists an inner product on X such that the corresponding norm is equivalent to the given norm, and that for each \\(A\\in {\\mathcal B}\\), \\(A^*\\) is the adjoint of A relative to the inner 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