{"entities":{"Q797910":{"pageid":799758,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q797910","lastrevid":64409826,"modified":"2026-04-11T19:40:31Z","type":"item","id":"Q797910","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Two operational characterizations of cooptional times"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3870350"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$F04CC889-0F70-450C-9CB4-FF68D52A68C7","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c8fcc1343594013900ea5cff644f00ae4f164e44","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Two operational characterizations of cooptional times","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$2A436BDC-D238-4282-A634-8084A7D107C9","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"2b13a366fa04bfed818f6d5f8521a636f8a455f3","datavalue":{"value":"0546.60067","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$86CF68BA-7ED1-44C0-8E63-4DBEDCD6D9DA","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5a38ad0843acdf936e93e49483cb86702655375b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":528849,"id":"Q528849"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$C6398AE7-1967-49F6-AFB6-67A290F34DC8","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c9d829dece3e2d330deed49a6cb836edc666e294","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":107063,"id":"Q107063"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$6C0B02CB-8E7C-4B88-B661-D1B6B2BBF6D5","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2ee0f220147ae8bc749a64db56839865dbc4f127","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1984-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$D2955AD7-EE2C-4E94-AF1E-3103BD36F63B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"3b6961ccea9717e1ea60da903a0fec461c1a447f","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(X=\\{X_ n\\}\\) be a Markov chain in discrete time with countable state space J. Add a coffin state \\(\\Delta\\) to J and let, for \\(\\tau\\) a random time, \\(K_{\\tau}=(X_ 0,...,X_{\\tau -1},\\Delta,\\Delta,...)\\) and \\(\\theta_{\\tau}=(X_{\\tau},X_{\\tau +1},...)\\) denote the pre- \\(\\tau\\) and post-\\(\\tau\\) processes, respectively. In an earlier paper by the author and \\textit{J. W. Pitman} [ibid. 5, 430-450 (1977; Zbl 0363.60052)], the class of regular birth and death times \\(\\tau\\) was characterized in terms of \\(K_{\\tau}\\) and \\(\\theta_{\\tau}\\). In the present paper an analogous characterization of cooptional times is given.    The main results of the paper are: (i) If \\(K_{\\tau}\\) and \\(\\theta_{\\tau}\\) are conditionally independent given \\(X_{\\tau -1}\\) and \\(0<\\tau <\\infty\\), then the process \\(K_{\\tau}\\) reversed is in natural duality to X if and only if \\(\\tau\\) is a.s. equal to a modified cooptional time; (ii) the process \\(\\theta_{\\tau}\\) is itself Markov and an h- transform of X iff \\(\\tau\\) is a.s. equal to a cooptional time with, in general, the possible starts for \\(K_{\\tau}\\) restricted.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$C4E035CF-7212-42EF-BA91-2E80732CC5A8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1cdf15533e26fc0c4c2e22d28e655c364dfe77a6","datavalue":{"value":"60J10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$6A2A3157-2E71-4D05-9181-144820E2A17A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c5ceb18f65bc82337879ce60b200a02edc7b3293","datavalue":{"value":"60J35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$CE71D528-B4C2-4FE9-8F25-35E2568F90BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f245cef01041308fc7626b3f2f0c304b967954bb","datavalue":{"value":"3870350","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$91C5BACC-B367-4BBB-A06E-055E52F9A20D","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4c4953d69634c1e2ea96e118f0619be3c1d8b7fe","datavalue":{"value":"regular birth and death times","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$589560E4-B131-4601-B1D4-643896F591A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6470c24f14ae8056bd047d5e9bbb55f5349c9e53","datavalue":{"value":"cooptional times","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$E8532DE4-564E-4051-AAE4-0F142093EFBA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2a7edab5b2490eb84c4548ab62628ba6a032fd14","datavalue":{"value":"h-transform","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$A01E610D-C797-45E4-A4FD-CED416188D63","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"b49872a098ad72bafc60013e08f9ca0b1cce0dbd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":606882,"id":"Q606882"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$F80023D7-7CEB-474C-807D-0CFBF287DB1B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$2E38E14B-532E-4606-8868-609F48D1D148","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"dfbca21868b4dd201e1f6d7ffad023b1721919b5","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1214/aop/1176993222","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$29D88765-D8B0-4277-9EC3-0D731112A3CB","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"b1ca3664d62642dd5443aa29b3dabd740f044262","datavalue":{"value":"W2015383525","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$143D0E48-EAFF-4E1F-BA2D-77420D1B18B8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"da29a71c83778d49cdfb1e5ea8a4bfa06d91ea9b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1214/AOP/1176993222","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q797910$D77D6175-64F1-4230-AA51-3C69813BFFEF","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2f420ea2ab9f3197f8a3b948b8705147c8bde2dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3725279,"id":"Q3725279"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bdafffe5fbe65d720a7cd8276cf2b5d0a54dc4d5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70782334","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q797910$421C3BE8-2150-4B3C-B286-9233C6FD5E00","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b9e46f01143767cf79d6baa721c310506a3553b0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5358120,"id":"Q5358120"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5f1fb9a4423dbbdc975ef291ebfa6ca5aa47e687","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7037121","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q797910$C46E2411-B9E9-42E4-9F71-3272515275A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8e316e71a9cbf9a1df34d0c8c248ea334ab1deb9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4832220,"id":"Q4832220"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"09e0e20ad19c0f217658c3f478d06558a02ff7a5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70225143","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q797910$1690F612-ED28-4167-A8D7-1269B2215CF7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"324f56976ea4b17a3cd51b95fe3adadd9901b705","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4228257,"id":"Q4228257"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d31583d94e99d8b2448603d7febf63df90219182","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.69525445","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q797910$38107273-216E-4725-A1DA-F685B3AD1908","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"74c39d9277844c7103f24e52421a477db04cfe08","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4844747,"id":"Q4844747"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c568648155c0cd86401215959a58fd5748138d56","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6947448","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q797910$EB209C9A-DF7C-43EC-9C64-C51B4472C625","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"66c43f8e283ace9ba4f62aad00356db7707d7d41","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4024399,"id":"Q4024399"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"87e95ad2e2ea15ee3231f4825b016e57906e9512","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.69252497","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q797910$58079785-0B40-454D-9805-A79556DA51A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a1280e07bf8c03c1c6e2eb0752787158ad09299f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":842403,"id":"Q842403"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3737cee5d06816a919ab115d93451ad29f607179","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6856054","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q797910$35E83C96-76C9-4637-9A90-F5EFF22C59A5","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Two operational characterizations of cooptional times","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Two_operational_characterizations_of_cooptional_times"}}}}}