{"entities":{"Q799277":{"pageid":801125,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q799277","lastrevid":64424613,"modified":"2026-04-11T19:46:46Z","type":"item","id":"Q799277","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Higher singularities of smooth functions are unnecessary"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3874254"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q799277$6CAFF9B7-25A5-48EB-9B1B-4B5FB8F50764","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ed6161a14e112f6d588ed8417f6c1140b4188a76","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Higher singularities of smooth functions are unnecessary","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q799277$E830C891-438A-41E6-85B2-2BF74C9B59AE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"77d99112be24211bdb1ffa918631cb67eaa5a573","datavalue":{"value":"0548.58005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q799277$D809F97F-ED30-43B6-AF7D-8AB0876A67FD","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"13ae7b6a803c5649f7e95c9d0ef7291f30eb3436","datavalue":{"value":"10.2307/2006962","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q799277$2B3C91CE-3FF0-441B-A539-EED55D46EA30","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b1aa56e5f7e100640a757b47cf3fddc1be2371a5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":230731,"id":"Q230731"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q799277$21B00E7E-9CA7-410C-91A6-884EC2D699AE","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"553c7ad508f4615999d4ef926cfdf75d436f510c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175062,"id":"Q175062"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q799277$11DC3EAF-20B3-4EFD-B7C3-33AA7C919002","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2ee0f220147ae8bc749a64db56839865dbc4f127","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1984-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q799277$F970C5F5-C512-4B15-B344-30EA2FDDFD91","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5b7c1aad8a32ec96ba6ebb873ac37e0c8c3a4eb5","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\({\\mathcal E}_ n\\) be the ring of germs at 0 of smooth functions f: \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\to {\\mathbb{R}}\\). Let \\({\\mathcal M}_ n\\subset {\\mathcal E}_ n\\) be the unique maximal ideal consisting of germs of functions f where \\(f(0)=0\\). If \\(f\\in {\\mathcal M}^ 2_ n\\) then the Jacobian ideal of f is the ideal J(f) in \\({\\mathcal E}_ n\\) which is generated by \\(\\partial f/\\partial x_ i (i=1,...,n)\\). The codimension of f is defined by \\(\\dim_{{\\mathbb{R}}}{\\mathcal M}_ n/J(f)\\). If f: \\({\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\to {\\mathbb{R}}\\) is a smooth function and \\(x\\in {\\mathbb{R}}\\), let \\(j_ x(f)\\) be the germ at 0 of the function \\(g(y)=f(x+y)\\). Let \\(j^ s_ x(f)\\in J^ s(n)={\\mathcal E}_ n/{\\mathcal M}_ n^{s+1}\\) be the reduction modulo \\({\\mathcal M}_ n^{s+1}\\) of \\(j_ x(f)\\). Let \\(\\tilde j^ s_ x(f)=j^ s_ x(f)-f(x)\\in\\tilde J^ s(n)={\\mathcal M}_ n/{\\mathcal M}_ n^{s+1}.\\) We call \\(\\tilde j^ s_ x(f)\\) the normalized s jet of f at x. Let N be a compact n-manifold (with boundary). Let f: \\({\\mathbb{N}}\\to {\\mathbb{R}}\\) be a smooth function and \\(x\\in N\\). We say that f has a higher singularity at x if codimension of f at x is at least 2. The main theorem in this paper is stated as follows. Let g: \\(N\\to [0,1]\\) be a smooth map which is non-singular near \\(\\partial N\\) and define \\({\\mathcal H}(N,g)\\) to be the space of all smooth maps f: \\(N\\to [0,1]\\) such that \\(f=g\\) near \\(\\partial N\\) and f has no ''higher singularities''. Let \\(\\tilde J^ s(N)\\to N\\) be the bundle of normalized s-jets of maps \\(N\\to {\\mathbb{R}}\\). Any smooth map f: \\(N\\to {\\mathbb{R}}\\) gives a section \\(\\tilde j^ sf\\) of \\(J^ s(N)\\). Let \\({\\mathcal H}^ s\\) be the subbundle of \\(\\tilde J^ s(N)\\) consisting of normalized s-jets of maps f: \\(N\\to {\\mathbb{R}}\\) with no higher singularities. Let \\(\\Gamma^ s_{{\\mathcal H}}\\) be the space of all sections \\(\\sigma\\) : \\(N\\to {\\mathcal H}^ s\\) such that \\(\\sigma =\\tilde j^ sg\\) near \\(\\partial N\\). If \\(f\\in {\\mathcal H}(N,g)\\) then \\(\\tilde j^ sf\\in\\Gamma^ s_{{\\mathcal H}}.\\) Theorem: \\(\\tilde j^ s: {\\mathcal H}(N,g)\\to\\Gamma^ s_{{\\mathcal H}}\\) is n- connected if \\(s\\geq 3\\). The main application of this theorem is the following. Let M be a compact smooth (n-1)-manifold, let \\(N=M\\times [0,1]\\) and g: \\(N\\to [0,1]\\) be the projection map. Let \\({\\mathcal C}(M)=Diff(M\\times [0,1];rel M\\times 0\\cup\\partial M\\times [0,1])\\) with Whitney topology. Then \\({\\mathcal C}(M)\\) is the space of pseudoisotopies of M. By the result of Cerf, \\({\\mathcal C}(M)\\simeq {\\mathcal E}(M)=the\\) space of smooth maps f: \\(N\\to [0,1]\\) without critical points such that \\(f=g\\) near \\(\\partial N\\). Using the above theorem the author shows that the map \\(\\pi_ k({\\mathcal H}(N,g),{\\mathcal E}(M))\\to\\pi_{k-1}({\\mathcal E}(M))\\) is a naturally split epimorphism if \\(k