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Then Fi\\(x(\\phi)\\), the set of elements fixed by \\(\\phi\\), is easily seen to be a subgroup of F. It was conjectured by W. Jaco and P. Scott in the early 1970's that Fi\\(x(\\phi)\\) has finite rank, and this conjecture was recently proved by \\textit{S. M. Gersten}, using graph-theoretical techniques [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 8, 451-454 (1983; Zbl 0512.20014)]. Gersten's proof is somewhat complicated, however, and the present paper gives one of several simpler proofs which have since appeared. Others are due to D. Cooper; M. Culler and K. Vogtmann; H. Hoare; and J. R. Stallings. For a full discussion and precise references, see the survey article by \\textit{P. Scott} [An introduction to automorphisms of free groups (to appear)].    The method applied in the present paper is due originally to J. H. C. Whitehead: realize F as the fundamental group of a closed 3-manifold M, and consider maximal nonseparating sets S, \\(\\Sigma\\) of embedded 2-spheres in M, corresponding to bases B, \\(\\phi\\) (B) of F. By a judicious choice of S and \\(\\Sigma\\), the authors obtain a finite graph W such that \\(rank(Fix(\\phi))\\leq rank(\\pi_ 1W)\\). 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