{"entities":{"Q800098":{"pageid":801946,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q800098","lastrevid":64503219,"modified":"2026-04-11T20:19:35Z","type":"item","id":"Q800098","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On regularity of languages generated by copying systems"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3876629"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$AF608F98-2835-49F8-AB14-D80AA7BEEB41","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6efef201319cca1adf125d83df902eda9d86c6e4","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On regularity of languages generated by copying systems","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$A09A5023-4359-47D0-A092-BA236ADD26FF","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e9635402a28a7771894b0ff2cd0bf639255026d8","datavalue":{"value":"0549.68075","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$7A211DAC-E498-4414-A9D5-D9E9B85AAAA7","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"83c758dd489200b4b193f1874fe03d9e450ab876","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0166-218X(84)90129-X","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$ED65B9BC-0976-4A23-BCFF-E73292702828","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d67134b63b86a737cbf981df8b43b8283dfbeaa9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":294724,"id":"Q294724"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$E357EEE9-960B-40DE-B37A-EF6166AB2449","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d3fcef18c71a4b5df42d463ab66d395e6876189c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":537812,"id":"Q537812"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$81858048-7947-472F-AC20-B914E810897D","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"087f55844cc920aae060b09644168bf17b022e1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":96294,"id":"Q96294"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$BE365214-C1CB-4DA7-8798-3D132DB76EDE","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"2ee0f220147ae8bc749a64db56839865dbc4f127","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1984-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$E8F60442-7E34-4095-BDBD-8ECF3E7557E9","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e5ca2301532db240aa1a247de35a0486c8927c46","datavalue":{"value":"A new kind of generative systems, called copying systems, is introduced. These systems are meant to be useful in the study of repetitions of subwords in words, a research field generated by \\textit{A. Thue} [\u00dcber unendliche Zeichenreihen, Norske Videnskaps, Selsk. Skr., I. Mat. Nat. Kl. Kristiania 7, 1-22 (1906)]. A copying system is defined as an ordered pair \\(G=(\\Sigma,w)\\), where \\(\\Sigma\\) is a finite alphabet and w is a nonempty word over \\(\\Sigma\\). The language it generates is \\(L(G)=\\{x\\in\\Sigma^+| w copy^*x\\},\\) where \\(copy^*\\) is called the copying relation. It is defined as the reflexive and transitive closure of the direct copying relation over \\(\\sum^+:x copy y\\) iff \\(x=uzv\\) and \\(y=uzzv\\), for some words u, v, z over \\(\\Sigma\\), where z is nonempty. The paper contains a theorem allowing to prove that certain copy languages are not regular. A specific example is also provided. The authors point out two further problems of immediate interest: ''1) a characterization of regular copy languages, and 2) the relationship of copying systems to their ''symmetric version'' (that is introducing a square xx as well as reducing it to x are allowed).''","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$4B4E1398-CEFE-467E-80D9-63E6E8BB346A","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"f8adba7412db86d1b82f197f3acdb521456c3ee1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":800096,"id":"Q800096"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$124FA483-3F85-4CB4-AD58-88C5CC4E0BE8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9b78776a56fc28cdd893baa47605a105412b838a","datavalue":{"value":"68Q45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$C84821C6-54CF-4075-AAB4-AA43840815EC","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ffa24eff04c64036560a758fdc84a15e894dadd9","datavalue":{"value":"3876629","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$773F0138-5679-4BB3-9F49-668606FEF0B8","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7142d39c3323636bd7cc377526eabf4365b5d436","datavalue":{"value":"regular languages","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$1E5D8D7B-7F53-43A6-BCB0-3CFA6661A580","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ca8dc9c4f95adda0da17a482ac6452da114ed156","datavalue":{"value":"generative systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$C23B19B3-C3FD-40DF-96D6-11D6619DB093","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2ee862f1f0656d32da3292c971dc59094d8ccaf0","datavalue":{"value":"copying systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$75649DD6-3146-4389-B31A-FF4C9C8081C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cfa5aa68111c45eba365a0584ff17b409cd98a8f","datavalue":{"value":"repetitions of subwords in words","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$B3D99A17-3254-4D3E-AA2E-4B74C590C54D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ce249cc300712c64e7895b203ee831b9710eb301","datavalue":{"value":"copy languages","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$FC87A653-A32F-460E-A785-DCFC4EF7BFBA","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$4AC962C5-0E10-4497-8D86-7BD4F032C8A8","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"77dc5b17c1050b9217abb200bb3241cb12fdad43","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3860007,"id":"Q3860007"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$8BCB11DF-E853-4E92-B62A-04D6F26CD5AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4dabd89d1650a3f66c63265a24f19cdd05b83a51","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1838047,"id":"Q1838047"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$BE4C8878-C0A7-440E-9062-289B18DCB2C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6c7183512e2829a55f36b5e7ad58903f071c8748","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1137038,"id":"Q1137038"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$758BD0D3-CC9B-4E98-A3DD-5412F30A7E82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e26ec61ad0b114755bec335b704577f3e8ceefbc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5666530,"id":"Q5666530"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$6029E9F9-11B9-4BB3-BAEA-E1E2F750EA86","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"571d033578951cda94b34ea40db9ade6a66ee74b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1162827,"id":"Q1162827"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$462C3546-F593-4D5E-8686-4BF7967725BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8b349bf78b4d13ef7422df8462edd697735df20b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3879325,"id":"Q3879325"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$1E518EE1-381F-4E04-85E0-3CE7D257F8DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8420c760e4cc3ded478e52cd6144ad10165c0dbe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1162365,"id":"Q1162365"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$8B24E853-FE2E-429B-B005-98F7BAD8983F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6ce8b4bbd4dd2686ac274ad2909597abfcab7ed2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1835915,"id":"Q1835915"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$FE331015-0939-408F-BBD8-F8BBA4C0B546","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"20d91af4c0ac2900e53cae10e8db9e393340ca32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2653273,"id":"Q2653273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$38042C2B-3295-4704-AB16-FEE178ACF600","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"59f60764865641217d564887c22fdd45b8531bb7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3948608,"id":"Q3948608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$F6CD4606-4FE1-4B71-A119-E2C83B87B888","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"406e684369619393c36baa4580c22fd2b1220a41","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(84)90129-x","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$C70A28D3-405A-42E8-950A-2A525EE14416","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"4c69ff46754ab3313757799635fd954e12014559","datavalue":{"value":"W2022385202","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q800098$BD68239F-6A9B-4F1B-8DFF-48B49125B595","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d50e5ad8da8bc71bec42d7be5006ed8a33cd3201","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1205714,"id":"Q1205714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e537fe9d006529aee90eb87c7e809fe98993ee6e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8294097185134888","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q800098$B0D102BC-FA6D-4E1D-A6E6-02D9AAF4A152","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e058a2914f045001565a5483ed6563de3ae07ee0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3167490,"id":"Q3167490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bd37561851b8bc72a3c7a3160fc64c5e328ecfda","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8267982006072998","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q800098$C04D6448-E1CB-4545-91E9-28E0B316FECB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e958e2765b1605a6e289767f33f54f0fcdd6cf4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4541813,"id":"Q4541813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"90ef1f5bfd2640aacfd285d098f811d0ab0d8346","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7389348149299622","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q800098$0C26636B-BFD8-40E1-8778-9574AD1625E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e09bd19e5900d6bb5a700a18751d6d326e849984","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":868949,"id":"Q868949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"64ada731d5905a479ae85f99b1b28ddd9fa12fdc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.733963668346405","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q800098$7F897DE9-85F8-4A59-96BB-5BED22255B51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bcb41178bacb4533db91992713a4b4574353da29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3564876,"id":"Q3564876"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"336a03bb8758f30f6934efc4863acbc25f4ade74","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7190343737602234","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q800098$A3AD6D1E-E5B3-453F-90A1-A5767A5BE1AC","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On regularity of languages generated by copying systems","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_regularity_of_languages_generated_by_copying_systems"}}}}}