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Adding formal inverses to the elements of E and degenerate loops we get the graph \\({\\mathcal F}(E^{-1})\\). The free groupoid \\({\\mathbb{F}}({\\mathcal F})\\) on the graph \\({\\mathcal F}\\) is described as the groupoid whose objects are the vertices of \\({\\mathcal F}\\) and whose arrows are the equivalence classes of paths of length \\(\\geq 0\\) of the graph \\({\\mathcal F}(E^{-1})\\). It is proved that if F: \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\to {\\mathbb{F}}\\) is an essential equivalence of groupoids in which \\({\\mathbb{F}}\\) is free on a graph \\({\\mathcal F}\\), then F admits a quasi-inverse G such that \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\) is free on the directed graph \\({\\mathcal G}\\rightrightarrows {\\mathcal O}b({\\mathbb{G}})\\) which consists of the non-identity images under G of the generators of \\({\\mathbb{F}}\\) together with the natural isomorphisms \\(\\beta_ X: GF(X)\\overset \\sim  \\rightarrow X\\), \\(X\\in {\\mathcal O}b({\\mathbb{G}})\\) of the equivalence. It follows that if F: \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\to {\\mathbb{F}}({\\mathcal F})\\) is an essential equivalence of a group \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\) with a free groupoid \\({\\mathbb{F}}({\\mathcal F})\\), then \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\) is a free group freely generated by the set of all paths of the form \\(g={\\mathcal T}_ Y^{-1}f{\\mathcal T}_ X\\neq id(F(e))\\), where \\(f\\in {\\mathcal F}\\), e is any (fixed) element and \\({\\mathcal T}_ X\\) and \\({\\mathcal T}_ Y\\) are the unique reduced paths from F(e) to X and Y whose generators lie in a fixed maximal tree \\({\\mathcal T}\\subseteq {\\mathcal F}\\). Using this result, the author proves 1) the Nielsen-Schreier theorem: any subgroup \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\) of a free group \\({\\mathbb{F}}({\\mathcal F})\\) is free, with free generators the set of elements \\(t^{-1}gs\\neq e\\), where s,t\\(\\in S\\), a Schreier transversal, \\(s\\in s{\\mathbb{G}}\\), \\(g\\in {\\mathcal F}\\), \\(t\\in gs{\\mathbb{G}}\\), and 2) the Serre theorem: a group \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\) is free if and only if \\({\\mathbb{G}}\\) can be made to act freely on a 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