{"entities":{"Q809991":{"pageid":811839,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q809991","lastrevid":64543914,"modified":"2026-04-11T20:36:41Z","type":"item","id":"Q809991","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Four dialogue systems"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4211998"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$8C6F7FA8-2454-442F-A4D0-2FC685A6D1C0","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0f6b43de9b1c39f727c9a9176399ee9cfedf6e50","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Four dialogue systems","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$72376BD0-82D3-43A3-B50C-44E140B00037","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ea36b619573d170b31f28137332c962ad7cfa793","datavalue":{"value":"0733.03003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$3F63C03A-F360-474E-BBA0-8D8A9261356F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"21e3dc71ec3fc513bc9572dc5f96150ad2bed863","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF00370166","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$050617BE-C5A1-436A-A394-31261B1C9F42","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e34236ca73b92c6ee0bc17431d03c3537a7f0792","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":195358,"id":"Q195358"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$69D1B762-4BF7-4BF3-B5C1-AAD0A07F090B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"70d2fbf8bcd48a5ca1ac752985098b379d0dbb65","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1990-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$F1C7B386-26FB-4DF8-AF40-914A20824F9B","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"6c714c4d31480b7efc551daf5dd2c9739272863b","datavalue":{"value":"The author presents four dialogue systems in the tradition of Ch. Hamblin. Number 1 contains (besides the apparatus of propositional logic) dialogue ``operators'' for ``questions'', ``withdrawals'' and ``resolution demands''. This system only embodies a requirement of minimal consistency. Number 2 has in addition ``operators'' for ``challenges'' and ``grounds''. This system is meant to preclude the fallacy of begging the question. Number 3 adds another ``operator'' for ``hunches''. This system tries to cope with problems of intention and of conversational implicature. The final system gives up the basic tenets of classical logic by admitting sentences to have variable meanings.    As the author himself concludes, ``none of these dialogue games is adequate for any class of real-life argumentative dialogues'', but taken together the four systems are hoped to ``provide a way of identifying and describing some of the properties of communication systems relevant to the capacity of those systems to provide for argument and reasoning.''","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$92750F91-A14F-44ED-9D33-1FC7FA4B8CF4","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"2b60aa5ae07adad6d3eb52fdc6e8969307a605db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":346756,"id":"Q346756"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$229A81F1-B1A9-450E-93E8-F18D25B84A9A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"48a2830216eefdc24b89ba9895c8f20366f6740d","datavalue":{"value":"03A05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$0FB3BD1E-B552-4304-A9A0-303123BADB06","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"19cbd1b66c46fea6357f028b630147f8247be64f","datavalue":{"value":"4211998","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$EF4C9DD5-E4C4-4A11-BF17-B466B681BC44","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cb0a10c641a1456ed082b8e019373d6c84f31c37","datavalue":{"value":"dialogue systems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$261B1769-EC01-4A03-B0DE-12A414584DB2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ecfe5765d993dcaacd4e27fc47164633852fc7fc","datavalue":{"value":"dialogue games","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$3515F19C-07CB-40D1-8CFB-4E918AFC7DE3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ce2b5c22f2c263b091e2fbbf773d6eee9e1261f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1234661,"id":"Q1234661"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$B3B724AE-AAF5-4160-B092-0F44E14C82CD","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$41E03C03-7202-4C0D-B769-F48D13EAED01","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0bbee373e5f23d643503104786333a16ed8b85ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5648333,"id":"Q5648333"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$770174D2-C1C3-47C7-ADAF-0F05277224B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8dd2ef6445c983565449871708ca6677282d58e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5275710,"id":"Q5275710"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$7216B9A1-F376-473E-BAC8-61AEFFAD81DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"00249eea284a01b1a10346ed8dc76d311a2e8c5a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":792992,"id":"Q792992"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$B2F6A4E9-7861-4715-9793-B366BFA40215","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"442aa3e4b1400d44fdf5faf7e51b6ee19309e481","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5275714,"id":"Q5275714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q809991$D71D6C74-C652-42BB-A5A6-B094FDFD20EF","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6ad5eb4913ccdf8d32b8ce4050d39fb9f0c70d1c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":946736,"id":"Q946736"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1a0648a148e385d2e2e0e16d168ce686844d610d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.82522833","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q809991$2053EB81-D55C-4BB9-BFD0-C9FD380BCBE8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b76b10bbc19c591c393659c329d87e7528584c76","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4710961,"id":"Q4710961"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"91a66045c8fdb59c2c8d9b5aba428f6cfd013e3d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81284016","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q809991$E0FA0096-679B-4533-A7EC-2C381DC65F45","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"400f95560c2b2ae0d04c0ed333aa43015391dd83","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4414112,"id":"Q4414112"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f7988bd11dccbc6c44aa0bcc37888e2e5affec12","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81049204","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q809991$F1123249-3F4D-4CCF-B04C-6CCB1C10C2EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"950096fea489012857547486e7ee833a97eea852","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4536328,"id":"Q4536328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"749363a15f37ff065b358ae34ec96c3009ac87e3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7980132","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q809991$38260BE7-5196-4D8D-BDB6-E3589405C283","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a453da955d80921fdf6a16213877fc39ace93b49","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5287542,"id":"Q5287542"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"47c053667600c53c4d9e7aa55f056711d2a8f8a5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7942593","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q809991$128CFA4F-184B-4ABE-8B23-2AD19ED6F81D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eddcd59ec59c907d773a68c9c9a93666deba47f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3034873,"id":"Q3034873"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a7d60e802c195bd4e7dab439470ef1b781395a45","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7904442","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q809991$13D221B0-BC4B-4652-95A9-6E5336CB77C9","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Four dialogue systems","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Four_dialogue_systems"}}}}}