{"entities":{"Q810885":{"pageid":812733,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q810885","lastrevid":64579959,"modified":"2026-04-11T20:51:01Z","type":"item","id":"Q810885","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Randers spaces of constant curvature"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4214856"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$56B4EB35-8804-4E10-A2C3-44B425E132FC","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"5b10a883ef540ae6622f79d810df4b5195f097a7","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Randers spaces of constant curvature","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$A9569997-2226-45FD-84B5-1218EE73D766","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9766551dbb26c74549f8d43de4ff2c94710a7d82","datavalue":{"value":"0734.53022","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$682848E5-9597-40E0-B833-6AA16D38FEB8","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8bf818c23e6945f4888bc1e7030869e0e32e2535","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0034-4877(89)90047-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$F3BD34C2-1F74-4B2F-AAED-B5CE7CF39221","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"190203153d35f7ad36295f9aa4b440a2ddaf122c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":180451,"id":"Q180451"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$E0827958-A6B1-4E0F-B67A-738D0C0D0DD1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7211ad5ca16eb0d22cd0051fff3d0f3af254ceb6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1989-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$56B9131B-4FE7-4908-8B58-6498CB176317","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"8b07cd1ead693d849328ff99e618100421310d0a","datavalue":{"value":"Randers spaces were introduced by \\textit{R. S. Ingarden} [Trav. Soc. Sci. Lett., Ser. B 45, 60 p. (1957; Zbl 0080.210)]. These are Finsler spaces with metric function \\(L(x,y)=\\alpha +\\beta\\), \\(\\alpha^ 2=a_{ij}(x)y^ iy^ j\\) being a Riemannian metric and \\(\\beta =b_ i(x)y^ i\\) a non- zero differential 1-form. A Randers space is of constant curvature K if its Berwald curvature tensor has the form \\(H^ i_{hkj}=K(g_{hk}\\delta^ i_ j-g_{hj}\\delta^ i_ k).\\) The calculation of the tensor \\(H^ i_{hkj}\\) although straightforward is very complicated. Applying an ingenue method, the author determines the necessary and sufficient conditions for a Randers space to be of constant curvature K. These allow to formulate the following classification theorem: A Randers space of dimension more than two is of constant curvature K if and only if it is a ``Randers constant gradient'' or a ``Randers constant translation'' - with some special properties.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$BC90BFDF-AEF7-4FE6-8CCD-288205AE086F","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"111d19d52f5c5846d97c8d814e0f222f742135c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168529,"id":"Q168529"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$3DD31835-B3C6-418D-A9DD-FE0F63F02754","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3693c8410ed78a40ad20533c106b7cbff73ba1d8","datavalue":{"value":"53B40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$8EE27285-393D-43CE-8D05-2F5295FF4D54","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a605f4f4a74e12d772d95c28a76d17446b426863","datavalue":{"value":"4214856","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$1865BD7A-F3DD-4031-8CEE-C9A6D339196E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"605a9d723e79a6f519126851ef210a8cf3548c92","datavalue":{"value":"Randers spaces","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$C635A574-63E5-465F-BC32-F029FC3E75C9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b16d1d7bac793e32cb686abc2198671c80112f28","datavalue":{"value":"constant curvature","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$21DA0F10-B104-4406-B6B1-46DA0F03F92F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fb168ff8ef8c9ddebebcdbf7462dda942d77323f","datavalue":{"value":"Berwald curvature tensor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$01DBB833-183B-47BE-A3F7-E8EE6E99A0AE","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f379fd7fc5d5d54d196776275470103876a5090d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":193052,"id":"Q193052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$107C8F56-8FF7-41C6-BA42-FA51BECB3245","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$503CDADD-B0F6-473B-92F3-A0BEC0565736","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"c9a7c2fb1809be1d0551682e7c73e9fb163a633e","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4877(89)90047-5","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$991B57C0-1D2A-4778-8A2A-0936A70B8C8E","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"0f62ec18bc4fbe7c152df3c75aa05e62c93846ab","datavalue":{"value":"W2056801806","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$11AE6C3D-E226-41EC-A6B0-F446A6772245","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef0399dadf4359cd892e0d53cd6f02d1cc1b15ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1213196,"id":"Q1213196"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$2186550F-57E1-4550-A640-6F4F6ACC85F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9b8325a12de944e1973d172ff845b874ec5306d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3725106,"id":"Q3725106"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$BB30012E-7215-4249-97A5-E2B4B83F9C69","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0285fa57e44fccc42549b282fff109c872b1015a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4013213,"id":"Q4013213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$F12B0E8A-A278-4A8A-8090-6F24468A4C80","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"555ef95cd7ad18f00f8b3c7f87d0697017c796ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1239935,"id":"Q1239935"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q810885$BD3B6FAA-2206-4582-97A8-5B79EE490AAA","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"47fe2b41bee9e09906a2eee93b8030d4a9d97865","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3605787,"id":"Q3605787"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"994f1b43d95b0693722c56238771cbc7dfbfdd2d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8730634450912476","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q810885$DFF04EA7-50CC-44C8-A824-D0C277DBC299","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b9a39c6f1c927c8ec059a3ff2ea3186adfd6046a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3420375,"id":"Q3420375"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2909421c9c089f7cc67d117b4bb95e718365f3f0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8727736473083496","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q810885$C904A894-F01E-46D8-BB05-22DE016C2913","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"026a2cb205cb0c433d73c6edafe680cdf17cdebf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1424094,"id":"Q1424094"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f32816a609c350a54f6f5e09c44fd117175946c4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8721244931221008","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q810885$7D2576EA-8DFE-4307-8D34-2A16395001DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e49772afcc36452b57de6fadd2c75a23f0b7a4ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3791804,"id":"Q3791804"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4af5cdea9933a261bc015b8d46031f0eb24f9d04","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8639368414878845","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q810885$5B0A3962-2120-4284-85A1-CBA20FE69996","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b47b694bbdd942417c05e95a90703645cf7c3d42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1866571,"id":"Q1866571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d80e0c5cbbe4466c4b5bcab382b1b4b7018976d0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8539755940437317","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q810885$3D45C92F-2E85-498D-9720-0497228927F1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Randers spaces of constant curvature","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Randers_spaces_of_constant_curvature"}}}}}